华北山前平原灌溉农田深层土壤水分动态特征及渗漏量估算  

Dynamic Characteristics and Drainage Assessment of Deep Soil Moisture in the Irrigated Farmland of Piedmont Region of North China Plain

作　　者：王茜[1,2] 沈彦俊[1] 裴宏伟[1,2] 田浩业[3] 李放[1,2] 裴源生[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050021 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100044

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技》2013年第1期155-160,共6页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：中国科学院创新领域前沿项目(KSCX2-EW-J5)资助

摘　　要：以中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站的大埋深土壤水分剖面观测设施为依托,利用中子水分仪对15.4m深度的土壤水分进行连续1年的定位观测,同时通过定期采集深层土壤和水分样品,对该区土壤水分变动特征和深层入渗量进行了定量研究。结果表明:土壤水分在垂直剖面上的分布受土壤质地组成控制,同时在年内受降水事件和灌溉的影响而波动,随着土壤深度的增加,土壤水分的变异性呈减弱趋势;根区土壤水分受降水(灌溉)和作物耗水的共同影响而变化剧烈,根区以下土壤水分对降水的响应有一定延迟;在观测期间,整个15.5m深度的土壤剖面上有水分的盈余,土壤水贮量增加了216mm,但在小麦生育期土壤水分表现出耗损过程(土壤水贮量减少了208mm)。最后利用氯质量平衡法估算560cm深度处渗漏量约为65mm。In this paper, the observation equipment of deep soil water profile in the Luaneheng ecological experiment station of Chinese Academy of Sciences was used to perform in-situ measurements of the soil water content in the depth of 15.4 m of soil profile for one continuous year based on the neutron moisture viewer. The deep soil and water samples were collected regularly, which were used to perform quantitative analysis of the variation of soil water content and deep drainage. The results showed that the distribution of soil moisture in the vertical profile is controled by the soil texture, and the variability of soil moisture decreases with the depth of soil. Meanwhile, the distribution of soil moisture was affected by the preeipitation and irrigation within a year. Due to the effects of precipitation （irrigation） and evapotranspiration, dramatic variations of soil moisture occurred in the root zone. However, the response of soil moisture to the precipitation was delayed below the root zone. During the observation period,there was abundant water for the whole soil profile in the depth of 15.5 m and the soil water storage increased by 216 mm However, the soil water content decreased in the wheat seasons and the soil water storage decreased by 208 mm. Estimated by the chloride mass balance method, the deep drainage was almost 65 mm in the depth of 560 cm of the soil profile.

关 键 词：华北平原 农田 土壤水分 土壤水贮量 渗漏量 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]