湖北省水稻田杂草的种类组成及其群落特征  

Species composition and characterization of weed community in rice fields in Hubei Province

作　　者：魏守辉[1] 朱文达[2] 杨小红 张朝贤[1] 李林[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [2]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [3]湖北省潜江市植物保护站,潜江433100

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2013年第2期44-49,共6页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD19B02和2006BAD08A09)

摘　　要：采用倒置"W"取样法对湖北省稻田杂草物种组成及其群落结构进行了调查。结果表明:湖北省水稻田杂草有138种(含变种),隶属于46科、94属,其中优势恶性杂草有稗Echinochloa crusgalli、鸭舌草Mono-choria vaginalis、千金子Leptochloa chinensis、鳢肠Eclipta prostrata、空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides、异型莎草Cyperus difformis等6种,区域性恶性杂草有11种,常见杂草有24种,一般杂草有97种;恶性杂草是湖北省稻田杂草群落的重要建群种,各地区主要形成稗+鳢肠+空心莲子草、稗+千金子+鳢肠或稗+鸭舌草+异型莎草的杂草群落;鄂北地区稻田杂草群落的物种丰富度及多样性较高,而武鄂黄地区稻田杂草群落的均匀度相对较低;从群落相似性来看,鄂北地区稻田与湖北省水稻田的总体杂草群落结构最为相似。水稻种植制度、耕作方式和土壤环境条件的不同,可能是导致湖北省稻田杂草发生及其群落组成产生差异的原因。Weed survey was conducted by inverted W-pattern to determine the species composition and structure of weed communities in rice fields in Hubei Province in China.The results showed that 138 weed species（including varieties） belonging to 46 families and 94 genera were found.Among them,6 species were considered as worst weeds,including Echinochloa crusgall,Monochoria vaginalis,Leptochloac hinensis,Eclipta prostrata,Alternanthera philoxeroides and Cyperus difformis;11 species were regional worst weeds;24 were common weed species and 97 were normal weed species.The worst weeds were the main components of weed communities in all rice regions in Hubei,the typical weed communities were E.crusgalli＋E.prostrata＋A.philoxeroides,E.crusgalli＋L.chinensis＋E.prostrata,and E.crusgalli＋M.vaginalis＋C.difformis.The richness and diversity species of weed community in paddy rice fields in North Hubei region were higher than other regions,but the evenness index of Central-east Hubei region were relatively lower.Based on the Sorensen′s similarity index,the structure of weed community in North Hubei region was more similar to that of the overall communities in Hubei.The difference of weed occurrence and community structure might result from the cropping system,tillage type and environmental conditions.

关 键 词：水稻 杂草群落 物种组成 优势度 相似性 

分 类 号：S451.0[农业科学—植物保护]