赤泥堆场植被自然恢复及限制因子分析  

Analysis on Natural Vegetation Restoration and Its Limiting Factors in Red Mud Disposal Sites

作　　者：杨俊波[1] 刘鸿雁[1] 刘德福[2] 蔡良钧[2] 龙家寰[1] 王雨生[1] 周俊[1] 林昌虎[3] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵阳550025 [2]中国铝业贵州分公司,贵阳550014 [3]贵州科学院,贵阳550001

出　　处：《贵州科学》2013年第1期70-75,共6页Guizhou Science

基　　金：科技部软科学研究计划项目(2010GXS5D259);贵州省科技厅软科学研究计划项目:黔科合体R字[2011(2046)]

摘　　要：赤泥是铝土矿经高温高压精炼氧化铝后的剩余产物,一般呈强碱性,还存在放射性辐射等问题,资源化利用难度非常大,现阶段主要以堆存为主。本文选取一赤泥堆场堆置年限不同的5个堆层为样地,于2011年3～8月,对5个堆层上植物群落进行调查和分析,并探讨植物生长的限制因子,为促进赤泥堆场植被的自然恢复提供依据。文章结果表明:赤泥堆场现有高等植物24种,隶属9目12科,赤泥堆场植物群落以多年生草本为主,植物数量季节性变化明显,在降雨量最大和温度最高的7月份达到最高值;植物数量及种类总体上随堆置年限的增长而增加。相关性分析结果显示,赤泥含水量低、养分低、强碱性高是堆场植被自然恢复的最大障碍和限制因子。Bauxite residue, commonly called red mud after its color, is the main by-product of alumina making through high temperature and high pressure process. Being highly basic and radioactive, red mud is difficult to be utilized. At the moment, red mud is usually piled up in disposal sites. Five areas, with different storage time from one to thirteen years, were selected as study samples in one red mud disposal site. Vegetation community was in- vestigated and analyzed from March to August in 2011 to discuss the limiting factors for plant growth to promote the natural vegetation restoration. The results showed that 24 higher plant species were found in the red mud disposal sites belonging to 9 orders and 12 families. The main plant was herbaceos perennial in the plant community with remarkable seasonal quantity change, which reached maximum in July with largest rainfall and highest temperature. The number and species of plant increased along with the depositing time. Low nutrient level of surface red mud, low moisture content, strongly basic were the main obstacles and limiting factors for natural vegetation restoration in red mud disposal sites.

关 键 词：赤泥堆场 植物群落 限制因素 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]