外来物种北美车前迁入昆明后的生态生物学特征表现  

Ecological and Biological Characteristics of Plantago virginica Introduced as Alien Species in Kunming Area

作　　者：冷天鑫[1] 杜凡[1] 汪健[1] 郭淑萍[1] 刘川宇[1] 席赠濮[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》2013年第1期45-49,共5页Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：云南省野生动植物保护与利用省级重点学科科研基金项目(XKZ200904)资助;云南省野生动植物保护与利用省级重点学科科研基金项目资助

摘　　要：于2010—2012年对北美车前在昆明的繁殖生物学、生态学等进行观察与调查。以此为基础,分析其在昆明市的危害性:北美车前在昆明转变为多年生宿根草本,各器官的形态变化幅度大,花果期长(花期4—10月,果期6—11月),种子平均单粒质量更大,人工试验与野外观察其花粉、种子萌发均正常,显示其通过无性和有性繁殖相结合完全适应了昆明冬季温暖干旱的气候;主要定居于道路两侧的裸地、撂荒地和荒草坡等,常与杂草伴生,而在附近林地中未被发现;在西南林业大学校区、昆明植物研究所及其附近道路边的草坪发现其生长繁茂;建议对其种群进行长期动态监测,适时挖根清除。The ecological and biological propagation characteristics of the alien plant species Plantago virginica were observed and surveyed from 2010 to 2012 to analyze its perniciousness in Kunming area. The study indicated that P. virginica turned into a perennial herb, the morphological characters of each organ changed greatly. Its flow- ering and fruiting phases were prolonged （flowering phase was from April to October, and the fruiting phase lasted from June to November）, and the mean seed weight was also increased. Both the artificial experiments and field observation showed that its pollens and seeds could germinate normally, indicating that P. virginica had completely adapted to the warm and dry climate of winter season in Kunming through the integrated asexual and sexual repro- duction. The survey showed that P. virginica mainly settled on both sides of the roads, in bare, abandoned land or on the wild grassy slopes. It often grew with other weed species, but it had not been found in the forests close to Kunming City. P. virginica grew vigorously on the campus of Southwest Forestry University, in Kunming Institute of Botany and in road side lawns. It was proposed that long term dynamic monitoring of its populations, and root e- radication should be conducted at appropriate time to eliminate it.

关 键 词：北美车前 外来物种 危害性 昆明 

分 类 号：S718.54[农业科学—林学]