拉美国家创建自由小农制理想的破灭——从印第安文化传统角度透视  

Ideal's Fail of Latin American Countries Creating Free-Smallholding System

作　　者：林被甸[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2013年第2期3-9,共7页History Teaching

摘　　要：19世纪拉美大陆兴起了一场创建小农制的改革运动。自由派仿效早期美国发展模式,希图通过建构小农制,改变农村土地结构,促进经济发展,走上现代化的快车道。但是,这场以分割印第安村社土地为主要内容的改革运动最后归于失败。而20世纪墨西哥等国以重建村社为中心的土地改革却获得了成功,从而推动了现代化进程。拉美国家的发展历程有力说明:凡是一条成功或比较成功的现代化道路,必定是现代因素与传统文化因素二者相反相成、双向作用的结果。任何一种单向思维只会导致"病态发展"或发展的停滞和倒退。Latin American Countries witnessed a series of reforms to create the small-scale farming in the Nineteenth Century. The liberalists aimed at establishing the smallholding system to transform the agrarian structures, promote the economic development, and to be on the express way to the mod- ern societies. However, the reforms of subdividing the Indian lands eventually failed. In the Twentieth century, on the contrary, the land reform of re-establishing the ejido in Mexico suc- ceeded to promote the modernization process. The Latin American experience strongly suggests that any successful or effective modernization path results certainly from the supplementary and mutual effects between the traditional culture and the modern elements; any efforts with one-di- mensional thinking results surely in the unhealthy development, or the stagnation and reversal of development.

关 键 词：小农制 村社 印第安文化 现代化 

分 类 号：K73[历史地理—历史学] F373[历史地理—世界史]