枣实蝇生物学特性研究  

Biological characteristics of the ber fruit fly, Carpomya vesuviana (Diptera: Tephritidae)

作　　者：胡陇生[1,2] 田呈明[1] 朱银飞[1] 周忠赞 任玲 齐长江 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830000 [3]喀什地区林业有害生物防治检疫局,新疆喀什844000

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2013年第1期69-78,共10页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：林业公益性行业专项(201004017);新疆维吾尔自治区科技攻关项目(200831108);新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项(201130102-3);国家林业局"948"项目(2008-4-57)

摘　　要：枣实蝇Carpomy avesuviana Costa作为一种高度危险性的外来有害生物,为害枣树并严重影响枣产品质量及其商品价值。本文通过在新疆进行的人工饲养和野外观察试验,对枣实蝇的羽化、交尾、产卵和有效积温等生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明:枣实蝇羽化主要集中在8:00-11:00,占总羽化数的86.3%,其羽化高峰期出现在10:00前后。交尾平均时长为309.00±8.46min,交尾高峰分别出现在11:00-12:00和20:00-21:00。雌虫产卵平均时长为8.20±0.51min;产卵节律不明显,9:00之前和21:00之后产卵量较小,白天各个时间段产卵量无显著性差异。成虫单日产卵量最高为16粒,平均每天产6～9粒,每产卵孔内有1～6粒卵。卵的发育起点温度为13.57℃,有效积温为48.18日·度;蛹的发育起点温度为6.38℃,有效积温为357.17日·度;卵到蛹期的发育起点温度为8.78℃,有效积温为283.29日·度;幼虫的发育起点温度6.39℃,有效积温为245.61日·度。本研究为进一步开展枣实蝇科学防控提供了基本资料。The ber fruit fly, Carpomya vesuviana Costa, is currently listed as a quarantine pest which is prohibited into China, and its occurrence has led to disastrous damage to Ziziphus, especially its larvae feed sarcocarp, affecting the quality and commodity price of jujube products. The biological characteristics of the ber fruit fly, including eclosion, mating, oviposition and the effective accumulated temperature, were studied through field survey and laboratory observation in Xinjiang. The results showed that the process of eclosion can be divided into four stages： cracking and crawling out pupal shell, crawling around, wing stretching and flying. About 86.3% eclosion of the ber fruit fly mainly occurred from 8：00 to 11：00, and the peak time was around 10：00. The mating process lasted about 309.00 ± 8.46 min, with the peak time occurring at 11：00- 12：00 and 20：00- 21：00. Oviposition consists of four stages, i. e., orientation, puncture, ovulation and ending, with the average time about 8.20 ±0.51 min. Fewer eggs were laid before 9：00 and after 21：00. The highest number of eggs laid per female per day was 16, the average number of eggs laid per female per day was 6 - 9, and 1 - 6 eggs were laid in each oviposition aperture. The developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature were different during each stage （egg, 13.75℃ and 48.18 day-degrees; pupa, 6.38℃ and 357.17 day-degrees; from egg to pupa, 8.78℃ and 283.29 day-degrees; larva, 6.39℃ and 245.61 day-degrees, respectively）. This study provides basic data for further studying and sustainable control of this serious pest.

关 键 词：枣实蝇 羽化 交尾 产卵 发育起点温度 有效积温 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]