影响早产儿认知发育的生物学因素  

Biological factors influencing cognitive development of preterm infants

作　　者：马玉杰[1] 蒋新液[2] 古桂雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学附属儿童医院,江苏苏州215003 [2]无锡市妇幼保健院,江苏无锡214002

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2013年第1期129-131,共3页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

基　　金：雀巢科学院研究基金资助项目（10.46.NRC）;苏州市科技发展计划（SYS201145）

摘　　要：该文从解剖学角度叙述了正常足月儿大脑中动脉长穿支的生长和自动调节能力，以及突触的“修剪”形成有效的工作网络是大脑发育的基础。在早产儿中此发育则明显不足，导致认知能力下降、脑容量较小和大脑发育未成熟。影响早产儿认知功能发展的生物学因素中，胎龄越小、出生体重越轻，愈易发生认知功能障碍。适于年龄控制姿势的能力可反映认知相关大脑区域的完整性，并促进认知的发育，同时刻板运动、重复单一动作是大脑认知发育受损的表现，又进一步阻碍认知发育。围生期的各种并发症，如发育迟缓、感染等加剧了认知功能的损伤程度。此外，在性别中，男孩则是影响认知发育的潜在因素，在早产儿认知发育的评估和干预中应引起关注。The paper described the growth of long perforating branches of the middle cerebral artery and its ability to regulate automaticly, and the synaptic ＂pruning＂ to form an effective network which was the basis of brain development in normal infants anatomically： But in preterm infants the development was obviously insufficient, which led to decreased cognitive ability, diminished brain size and immature brain development. In the biological factors affecting cognitive development of preterm infants, the smaller the gestational age and the lighter the birth weight, the higher incidence of cognitive maldevelopment. The presence of age-appropriate postural patterns may reflect the integrity of areas of the brain involved in cognitive processing, and it may facilitate cognitive development. But stereotyped movements and repetitive movements were the indicators of cognitive maldevelopment, and they turned to aggravate the maldevelopment. Perinatal complications such as growth retardation, infection and so on aggravated the damaged degree. In addition, the sex of boy was a potential factor that affected cognitive development, which should be concerned in the assessment and intervention of cognitive development of preterm infants.

关 键 词：早产儿 认知 发育 生物学因素 

分 类 号：R174[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]