极区海洋对全球气候变化的快速响应和反馈作用  

Rapid change in Arctic and Antarctic Oceans and their feedbacks to global climate change

作　　者：陈立奇[1,2] 高众勇[1] 詹力扬[1] 许苏清[1] 汪建君[1] 张远辉[1] 何建华[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局海洋-大气化学与全球变化重点实验室国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005 [2]国家海洋局极地考察办公室,北京100860

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2013年第1期138-144,共7页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(41230529);国家"十二五"极地考察专项资助项目(CHINARE2012-01-04-02;2012-02-01;2012-03-04-02);国家海洋局极地办国际合作资助项目(IC201201;IC2010013;IC2011114);福建省杰出青年基金资助项目(2009J06025)

摘　　要：分析了全球气候变化与极区海洋的相互作用;集成极区快速变暖促使极区海洋出现快速变化的各种现象,如海冰快速变薄和退缩,格陵兰冰盖严重融化,北冰洋和南大洋碳池的固碳能力下降以及极地海洋酸化等.研究提出:北冰洋夏季海冰覆盖面积快速退缩,海冰覆盖面积在2012年8月26日呈现了记录以来的最低值,有模型预测到2035年北冰洋夏季将会见不到海冰.格陵兰冰盖的消融对全球海平面的上升和大洋环流均会产生影响,格陵兰冰盖全部融化将会使全球海平面上升7 m.通过近10 a的观测发现极地海域对大气二氧化碳的吸收能力不升反降,海水对大气二氧化碳的吸收趋向饱和,南大洋和西北冰洋碳吸收能力变弱.有模式预测,到21世纪末,北冰洋表层海水pH值将会降低0.23～0.45,成为全球海洋酸化最严重的海区,而南大洋的表层海水二氧化碳浓度在21世纪下半叶或将超过600μatm的水平,极地海洋酸化对海洋食物链和生态系统的影响可能成为不可逆转的损害.这些极区海洋的快速变化将对全球气候变化产生反馈作用.This paper analyzes the interaction between polar oceans and global climate change. Global warming could induce rapid changes in the Arctic and Southern Oceans, such as dramatic thinning and retreating of Arctic Ocean sea ice, serious melting of the Greenland ice sheet, decreasing carbon uptake capacity in the Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean, and polar ocean acidification. It is pointed out that since sea ice rapidly declined in the summer in the Arctic, the ice surface area hit a record low on 26th, August 2012. Some model predicted that in 2035 there will be no ice in the Arctic. The melting of Greenland ice sheet would affect the global sea level rising and the ocean circulation ; the sea level would rise 7 meters if the Greenland ice sheet melts. Based on the last ten years＇ research, it was found that the capacity of absorbing atmospheric CO2 in the polar ocean decreased, the sea water is tend to be saturated. It is predicted by some models that by the end of 21st century the pH in the Arctic surface water would decrease 0.23 to 0.45, making the Arctic Ocean the most acid in the global oceans. While the pCO2 in the Southern Ocean surface waters would exceed 600μatm in the latter half of the 21st century. The acidification in the polar oceans would induce irreversible damage to marine food chain and ecosystem. Therefore, all these rapid changes in the Arctic and Southern Oceans will create feedbacks to global climate change.

关 键 词：海洋化学 碳汇 气候变化 响应 反馈 极区海洋 

分 类 号：P734[天文地球—海洋化学]