汉语疑问词任指用法的来源——兼谈“任何”的形成  

The source of the universal-reference usage of interrogative words in Chinese and the formation of renhe ( 任何)

作　　者：张定[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所

出　　处：《中国语文》2013年第2期142-154,192,共13页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目(12CYY042);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(2009JJD740014)的资助

摘　　要：现代汉语疑问词的任指用法最初可以追溯到早期表示"不关心、不相关"义的上位成分内嵌参数问句的复杂结构,唐五代以后语法化为"参数让步条件句"或"全称让步条件句",并进一步与结果小句糅合。在此过程中,上位成分在"截省"语境逐渐省略。汉语疑问词任指用法的形成是话语成分句法化的典型实例。不定限定词"任何"是清末语言接触过程中产生的一个仿词。Interrogative words in Chinese have a universal-reference usage. For example, shenmo ( 什么) , when stressed,can mean ‘anything’. This paper finds that the usage is traced to the construction ‘matrix clause + indirect parametric questions’,in which the main verbs of the matrix clause,such as buguan ( 不管,lit. not concern) , imply a sense of indifference or irrelevance. When the main verb evolves into a concessive conjunction in parametric concessive conditional clauses, it can be omitted in sluicing contexts and the interrogative word becomes a universal indefinite pronouns. The paper also claims that the indefinite determiner renhe( 任何) is a calqued word in the early years of the 20 th century when Chinese widely contacted western languages.

关 键 词：疑问词 任指 参数让步条件句 句法化 任何 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]