“双轨政治”转型与村治结构创新  

The Transformation of "Dual Track Politics " and Governance Structure Innovation in Chinese Villages

作　　者：郑卫东[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学社会发展学院,上海201620

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2013年第1期146-153,159-160,共8页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

摘　　要："皇权不下县,县下行自治"的"双轨政治"应作"理想型"的分析性概念与实然状态的描述性概念的区分。从实然状态来看,"双轨政治"在传统乡村的分布是不均衡的,其实质是上层士绅的"双轨政治"。晚清与民国政府的国家政权建设,促使乡村传统的"双轨政治"向"单轨政治"转变。而传统"双轨政治"向现代"双轨政治"转型步入正式轨道,则是在共产党领导下的革命与国家政权建设中开始的。解放后较长一段时间,乡村党群组织有较快发展,新型乡村"双轨政治"有所建树,但自上而下的轨道过于强势,抑制了自下而上轨道的发育。村民自治是乡村重建"双轨政治"的开始,组建"村建理事会"或许能成为完善乡村"双轨政治"的契机。Fei Xiao-tong's 'dual track politics' is only an ideal type,and the 'dual track politics' in traditional rural China is imbalanced: it more reflected the interests of the upper gentry.During the time of the Republic of China,the 'dual track politics' turned into 'monorail politics' quickly.The traditional 'dual track politics' was ended by the Land Reform leaded by the Communist Party,and the 'monorail politics' went to extreme in People's Commune period.In the 1980s,villagers' autonomy marked the beginning of re-construction of 'dual track politics,' and the formation of 'Village Construction Board' may be an opportunity of the revival of 'dual track politics' in rural China.

关 键 词：双轨政治 乡村士绅 村建理事会 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]