生计资本与农户的土地利用效率  

Relationship Between Livelihood Capital and Household Land Use Efficiency

作　　者：梁流涛[1] 许立民[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学环境与规划学院,河南开封475004

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2013年第3期63-69,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(编号:11YJC790095)

摘　　要：在SLA框架下,从人力资本和自然资本两方面探讨农户生计资本对土地利用效率影响的作用机理,并利用2000-2009年全国固定观察点农户调查数据进行实证研究,定量分析生计资本不同方面对农户土地利用效率影响大小和方向。研究结果表明:①人力资本主要是通过人力资本的兼业状态和农村劳动力素质两方面对土地利用效率的影响。人力资本的兼业程度与土地利用效率呈现倒"U"型关系,农户适当的从事非农兼业有利于土地利用效率的提高,但兼业过度(家庭非农劳动力比例超过0.480)会导致土地利用效率的下降,因此,应适当地鼓励农户从事非农兼业活动,并创建促使过度兼业农户真正向非农产业转化的制度环境;人力资本素质对土地利用效率呈现正向影响,应努力提高农村劳动力人力资本素质,加大人力资本投入。②土地资本主要通过土地资源禀赋、土地细碎化和土地产权性质三方面对农户土地利用效率产生影响。其中土地资本的自然禀赋有利于土地利用效率的提高;土地细碎化对土地利用的影响既有正面效应,也有负面效应,实证结果表明现阶段土地细碎化的负面效应更加明显;土地产权的稳定性和市场流动性的增加能够有效提高土地利用效率。因此推行土地适度规模经营和降低土地细碎化是提高土地利用效率有效途径。In the framework of SLA,this paper discussed the mechanism of livelihood capital impact on household land use efficiency from both human capital and natural capital, and used household fixed observation point survey data （2000 -2009 ） for the empirical research, quantitative analysis of the different aspects of livelihood capital affect the size and direction of the farmers land use efficiency. The results showed that：1） Human capital mainly exerted impacts on land use efficiency through human capital labor time allocation and human capital quality. The human capital labor time allocation displayed a reverse ＂U＂ relationship with the land use efficiency. Farmers are suitably engaged in non-agricultural in favor of increasing land use efficiency, but when the proportion of family non- agricultural labor exceeded 0.480,it can cause land use efficiency decreased. It should properly encourage farmers to engage in non-agricultural industry, and create system environment which could promote excessively concurrent business household actually transferring to non-agricuhural business. Quality of human capital had positive effect on land use efficiency, so we should impove human capital quality for rural labor and increase human capital investment. 2） Land capital mainly exerted impacts on land use efficiency through natural endowments ,land fragmentation and the character of land property rights. The natural endowments of land capital was beneficial to the improvement of land use efficiency. The land fragmentation impacts on land use had both positive effect and negative effect. The results showed that negative effect of land fragmentation was more obvious in the present stage. The stability and mobility with land property rights could effectively improve land use efficiency. Efficient ways to improve land use efficiency were proper scale management and reducing the land fragmentation.

关 键 词：生计资本 土地 利用效率 农户 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]