高效氯氟氰菊酯在田间环境中的消解行为研究  

The investigation on lambda-cyhalothrin dissipation under field conditions

作　　者：龚勇[1] 张伟[2,3] 李晓鹏[2] 郭宝元[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部农药鉴定所,北京100026 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [3]北京市环境保护局,北京100047

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2013年第2期226-233,共8页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-YW-JS403);国家自然科学基金(20807052)的资助

摘　　要：本文选择了我国从吉林到海南5个重要的农业生产区,对常用杀虫剂高效氯氟氰菊酯在玉米、大豆、甘蓝、土豆、苹果等农作物上的降解规律进行了研究,并对其在这几种作物上的使用安全性进行了评价.研究包括:建立了基于气相色谱-电子捕获检测方法的高效氯氟氰菊酯的检测方法;在对高效氯氟氰菊酯在土壤中的降解规律进行研究,发现在施药后的前五天,消解速率比较快,并且农药在土壤中的消解行为在统计意义上是没有显著差别.高效氯氟氰菊酯在五地土壤中的半衰期在1.56到5.30天的范围内;在对作物上农药残留的消解过程的研究中发现,其在苹果上的降解速率明显低于其他作物,其半衰期在北京为10.3天,安徽为17.7天.北京的其他作物中高效氯氟氰菊酯的半衰期在1.32至2.74天之间,安徽的其他作物中在2.07到3.80天之间.高效氯氟氰菊酯在作物中的传递性比较差,在直接接触农药的甘蓝和苹果中能够检测到农药残留,而在不直接接触喷施农药的玉米、大豆和土豆上检测不到残留.The soil dissipation of lambda-cyhalothrin was investigated in Changchun （Jilin）, Tongzhou （Beijing）, Yangling （Shanxi）, Xiaoxiang （Anhui）, and Danzhou （Hainan） in China under field conditions; and the dissipation on maize, soybean, tomato, cabbage and apple was investigated under field conditions as well. The declining rates of lambda- cyhalothrin in soil were relatively faster in the initial days. The half-lives in soil were in the range of 1.56 to 5.30 days in the five locations. Significantly lower degradation rate was observed on the apple whose half-lives were 10.3 days and 17.7 days in Beijing and Anhui, respectively. The half-lives of cabbage, maize, soybean and tomato were in the ranges of 1.32 to 2.74 days in Beijing and 2.07 to 3.80 days in Anhui. Lambda-cyhalothrin was less transported in the plants and could be detected in the eatable parts of maize, soybean and tomato. It could be in the cabbage, maize plant and apple.

关 键 词：高效氯氟氰菊酯 消解 中国 土壤 田间 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]