清代基层社会与上层政权结构嬗变——以清中后期居乡缙绅活动为视角  

Qing Dynasty Grass-roots Social and the Upper Power Structure Changes:in Ranking the Activities of the Township Gentrification the Qing Dynasty in the Middle and Late Perspective

作　　者：欧磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学历史文化学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《河南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第2期121-125,共5页Journal of Henan Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：河南省软科学研究计划项目(122400450559)

摘　　要：清中后期处于内忧外患的统治危机中,社会矛盾、民族矛盾以及外国列强的侵略,使末路的清廷在处理各种矛盾时更加力不从心。原有的以上层政权为绝对主导的双重统治秩序被打乱,上下层力量对比发生了更大的变化。基层社会士绅阶层(居乡缙绅为主干)在地方自行其是,势力极度膨胀,甚至高过地方官府,执掌生杀大权。清统治者对之既依赖,又防范,最终无从防范,只能依赖。但居乡缙绅的本质,决定了他们的理想和目的不是实现地方自治和独立,而是要求将自己和自己组建的基层社会武装纳入正统的上层政权。以曾国藩、李鸿章等为代表的居乡缙绅、以湘淮军为代表的基层社会武装进入上层政权,标志着清朝统治结构发生了深刻变化。The middle and late of Qing is in the internal and external crisis of governance. Social conflicts, ethnic conflicts, and the aggression of foreign powers make the dead end of the Qing court in the more powerless when they are dealing with all kinds of contradictions. In the post-ranking rural gentrification activities, it allows us to understand more deeply profound changes Reaching the grassroots level of society and the upper regime, deep Chinese traditional trend of social development based on the particularity of the crisis of the late Qing Dynasty rule. And it makes us understand the development trend of the traditional Chinese society, the ruling paradigm shift, to provide a strong draw on the future of our cognitive model of social development.

关 键 词：清中后期 统治模式变化 居乡缙绅 活动 

分 类 号：K252[历史地理—历史学]