捷克Jílové金矿集区中硒矿物的特征与硒化物-碲化物的形成物理化学条件  

Characteristics of some selenides and the physical-chemical condition of selenides and tellurides in the Jílové gold metallogenic concentration area,Czech Republic

作　　者：刘家军[1,2] 杨隆勃[1,2] 翟德高[1,2] 吴杰 

机构地区：[1]地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室 [2]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地学前缘》2013年第1期166-181,共16页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40973035);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41030423);国家重点基础研究发展计划'973'项目(2009CB42100);中国地质调查局地质调查工作项目(12120011220805;1212011220924);中国人民武装警察部队武警黄金地质研究所项目(WHY(05)-03);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B07011)

摘　　要：捷克Jílové金矿集区在中世纪时期曾是波希米亚地块最大、最富集金的地区,黄金开采已具有2000多年的悠久历史。最重要的矿床有Pepˇr、Bohuliby、Radlík和Rotlev,主要赋存于新元古界těchovice组火山-沉积岩和波希米亚花岗闪长岩深成岩体中。金矿化存在3种类型:脉状矿化、含金网脉状矿化、浸染状矿化。金矿床中的矿物组成已超过70种,包括Cu、Pb、Zn、Fe、As、Mo、Bi、Hg、Au和Ag的一些硫化物、硫盐、氧化物、氢氧化物、硫酸盐、碳酸盐、钨酸盐、硅酸盐,还有碲化物、卤化物和自然元素的矿物。笔者通过显微镜观察、电子探针和扫描分析等综合分析技术,确认金矿床中也存在一些硒矿物。金矿石中的矿物种类较多,组成复杂以及存在大量碲化物、自然金,构成Jílové金矿集区的一大特色。一般说来,亲硫环境越强,出现硒化物、碲化物这样的特殊矿物就越少。因此,金矿床中同时存在大量碲化物、硒化物矿物,表明金矿床的形成具有特殊的物理化学条件。在成矿早阶段,具有高f(S2)和低f(Se2)、f(Te2)、f(O2)的介质,且f(S2)/f(Se2)>1、f(S2)/f(Te2)>1,此时形成大量的黄铁矿、白铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、毒砂、方铅矿、闪锌矿等硫化物。而Se、Te有可能以类质同象的形式赋存于硫化物矿物中。在成矿晚阶段,随着硫化物的大量沉淀,具有f(Se2)/f(S2)、f(Te2)/f(S2)、f(O2)逐渐增高,有利于硒化物、碲化物的形成。根据金矿石中的硒矿物、碲矿物组合,获得在300℃成矿温度下形成硒化物、碲化物时的f(Se2)、f(Te2)分别为10-14.97～10-7.09和10-10.98～10-7.50。The Jilovo gold metallogenic concentration area situated about 25 km south of Prague, Czech Repub lic belongs to the most important historical gold-bearing district in the Bohemia Massif with tradition of gold mining over 2000 years, intensively mined in the past, mainly during the Middle Ages. The important gold de- posits include the PepS, Bohuliby, Radlik and Rotlev. They exist mainly in the Upper Proterozoic volcano-sed- iment of the St6chovice Group and the granodiorite of the Central Bohemian Pluton. There are three types of gold mineralization in the Jilov4gold metallogenic concentration area： veins, stockworks, impregnation. Up to now, more than 70 minerals have been identified. They include not only sulfides and sulfosalts of Cu,Pb,Zn, Fe, As, Mo, Bi, Hg, Au, and Ag -bearing minerals, a variety of oxide, hydroxide, sulfate, carbonate, tungstate and silicate minerals but also telluride, halide, and native metals. Examination of ores by optical microscope, electron probe,X-ray surface scanning,has revealed that there are some selenides in the deposits. The diversity of mineral species in the ores and the occurrence of visible native gold minerals are the outstanding features of the gold deposit. Generally speaking, the more robust correlation is with the chalcogenidic environment and, in most cases, the lesser correlation with specific minerals. Therefore, the highly enrichment of selenide and telluride in the deposits is very characteristic, reflecting a specific condition of their formation. In the early stage of mineralization, f（Se2）, f（Te2 ） and f（O2 ） are relatively low while f（Se ） is relatively high, with j（S2）/f（Se2 ）〉1 and f（S2 ）/f（Te2 ）~1. In this circumstance, sulfur would be precipitated as sulfides while selenium and tellurium would tend to be trapped in the sulfides as isomorphous admixture. Therefore, the min erals are characterized by the association of pyrite, marcasite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, galenite, sphalerite and so on. In the late

关 键 词：金矿床 硒矿物 碲矿物 物理化学条件 Jílové金矿集区 捷克 

分 类 号：P618.510.5[天文地球—矿床学]