太湖流域典型土地利用方式下入湖河流水质污染特征研究  

IMPACT OF LAND-USING PATTERNS ON WATER QUALITY OF RIVERS IN LAKE TAIHU WATERSHED

作　　者：牛勇[1,2] 余辉[2] 张敏[1] 王雪[2] 燕姝雯[2] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学水产学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国环境科学研究院湖泊生态环境创新基地,北京100012

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2013年第2期205-211,共7页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理重大专项(2008ZX07101-001)

摘　　要：为探究太湖流域典型土地利用类型下水质污染特征,选取了太湖流域两类具有典型代表性的区域作为研究对象,一类是城市化进程高、人口高度密集的太湖北部重污染汇水口区域,一类是以耕地与涵养林为主导、人类活动强度相对较弱的浙西小梅港区域。选取TN、DTN、PN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、TP、DTP、PP、CODMn等主要指标,通过区域差异和季节差异分析,以期明确太湖流域典型土地利用格局下河流水质污染特征。研究表明:(1)汇水口水质劣于小梅港水质,但两区域均有相对较高的TN污染,因此两地河流TN污染控制依然是重要内容;(2)汇水口和小梅港区域水质差异分析结果表明,土地利用格局、水循环过程、涵养林的生态功能是两区域水质差异产生的重要原因,差异指标体现在DTN、NH4+-N、TP、DTP、PP、CODMn;(3)汇水口区域水质污染特征体现出较强的点源污染特征;小梅港区域水质污染则体现出以TN、PN、TP、PP为主要污染物的面源污染特征。因此在以建设用地为主导的汇水口区域需加强点源污染控制,优化产业结构;以耕地为主导的小梅港区域则需加强农业面源污染控制,进而缓解太湖富营养状态。Lake Taihu is a large lake in the Yangtze Delta plain,on the border of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces Eastern China. In recent years,Lake Taihu has been plagued by pollution as a result of rapid economic growth in the surrounding region. Land-Use and Land-Cover Change （LUCC） is of intriguing interest in international research. And a lot of researches show that land use and land management practices have a major impact on nature resources especially water. To explore water quality characteristics in response to land use change in basin is helpful to controll water pollution from the source. Two kinds of representative areas,one is urban area in Jiangsu province with high population density beside the north of Lake Taihu, the other is cultivated land and water conservation forest in Zhejiang province,were selected for study areas in Lake Taihu watershed. Different forms of nutrients,such as TN,DTN,PN,NH4＋-N,NO3--N,TP,DTP, PP,CODMn ,were monthly monitored from June 2009 to May 2010. In order to explore typical characteristics of the river water pollution in the Taihu lake basin, the regional and seasonal multivariate analysis were used. The results showed as follows. （1） High concentration levels of TN in HX and XM was 6.23 mg/L and 6.08 mg/L. DTN,PN,NO;--N and NH＋-N in HX were 4. 71 mg/L,1.52 mg/L,2.31 mg/L and 1.71 mg/L respectively. DTN,PN,NO^-N,NH＋-N in XM were 2.97 mg/L,3.12 mg/L,1.68 mg/L,0.80 mg/ L respectively. The concentrations was 0.33 mg/L and 0.11 mg/L for TP in HX and XM. DTP and PP in HX were 0.12 mg/L,0.21 mg/L respectively ,while DTP and PP in XM were 0.03 mg/L,0.09 mg/L respectively. The concentrations was 6.17 mg/L and 4. 21 mg/L for CODMn in HX and XM. （2） Generally, water quality of the river Huishuikou （HS） was worse than that of Xiaomeigang＇s （XM）. DTN was the main nitrogen form in HS, while DTN and PN were two main nitrogen forms in XM. TN concentrations were high in both two Study areas. Therefore, controlling of TN pollution was important in two rivers area. （3

关 键 词：太湖流域 土地利用格局 水质特征 多元方差分析 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]