大气冰核谱分布对对流风暴云人工催化影响的数值模拟研究  

Numerical Simulation of the Impacts of Ice Nucleus Spectra on Cloud Seeding Effects in Convective Storm Clouds

作　　者：肖辉[1] 杨慧玲[1] 洪延超[1] 郭淳薇[1,2] 唐琪[1,2] 李蔼恂[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所云降水物理与强风暴实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]成都信息工程学院,成都610041

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2012年第6期833-847,共15页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目40875080;青海省三江源人工增雨工程科技支撑计划项目2009-Q-04;国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项项目GYHY(QX)201006031

摘　　要：2002年9月在青海省河南县人工增雨综合试验基地开展了人工增雨外场综合观测试验。根据这次实验得到的大气冰核资料,以及文献给出的另外两组常用的冰核资料,利用中国科学院大气物理研究所研制和发展的三维对流云人工催化数值模式,讨论了3类不同大气冰核谱环境对模拟对流风暴云人工催化增雨效果的影响,模式中还考虑了国内人工影响天气部门常用的RYI-6300型和WR-1B型人工增雨防雹火箭播云弹道的差异。模拟结果表明,3类不同大气冰核谱环境对模拟对流风暴云的宏观和微观参量分布结构有很大影响,在这些对流云中进行火箭播云催化试验得到的播云效果也有很大差异。大气环境中高温冰核浓度低,而低温冰核浓度高时,对流风暴云人工催化将导致云中冰晶过量,不利于对流风暴云降水增加。在大气环境中高温冰核浓度较高,并且低温冰核浓度较低时,对流催化风暴云可获得最高的人工增雨效果。在青海试验区的大气冰核谱环境下,火箭催化对流风暴云增雨有一定效果。对不同地区进行人工增雨作业时,了解清楚当地大气冰核的基本背景状况对于正确地评估播云效果非常重要。文中还给出了导致这些结果差异的物理解释。A comprehensive field observation was conducted in the Qinghai artificial weather modification experiment base located in Henan County, Qinghai Province, China, in September 2002. On the basis of ice nucleus data obtained by this field observation, combined with two commonly used ice nucleus data, the effects of three different atmospheric ice nucleus spectra on cloud seeding in convective storm clouds are examined in this paper by using the fully elastic three-dimensional convective storm model （IAP-CSM3D）. The differences in cloud-seeding trajectories of RYI-6300- andWR-1B-type rockets commonly used by domestic weather departments are considered. The simulation results show that the ice nucleus spectrum has a significant impact on the macro- and microstructures of strong convective clouds. More- over, the seeding effects of these clouds differ significantly with various ice nucleus spectra. When the ice nucleus number concentration is low at high-temperature levels and high at low-temperature levels in the atmospheric environ- ment, seeding in convective storms will lead to excessive ice crystals, which has a negative effect on the precipitation of convective storm clouds. When the ice nucleus number concentration is higher at high-temperature levels and lower at low-temperature levels in the environment, the seeding effect in convective storm clouds is the greatest. The physical ex- planations for these differences are given in this paper. When ice nucleus spectra were observed in the Qinghai experiment area, rocket seeding in convective storm clouds had a certain effect in rain enhancement. A clear understand- ing of the background status of ice nuclei is critical for proper assessment of cloud-seeding effects when conducting artificial weather modification experiments.

关 键 词：对流风暴云 大气冰核 人工催化 数值模拟 

分 类 号：P426.611[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]