健身锻炼对不同职业国民多维压力与心理健康影响的分析研究——以山东省不同职业人员为例  

Analysis on the Effect of Physical Exercises on Multi-dimensional Stress and Mental Health of Different Occupational Citizens——Taking Different Professions in Shandong Province for Example

作　　者：郑春梅[1] 伊向仁[1] 李元[2] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学体育学院,山东济南250061 [2]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2013年第1期73-78,共6页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：山东大学自主创新基金项目(2012TS199);全国教育"十一五"规划(教育部重点)(DLA090309);山东省自然科学基金重点项目(Z2008C18)

摘　　要：随着社会经济的转型,压力因素已严重影响不同职业人群的心理健康。许多国内外学者针对工作压力对心理健康的影响做了研究,但对健身锻炼与不同职业多维压力因子与心理健康方面研究甚少。研究目的:1)探讨山东省不同职业人员的多维压力因素是否存在差异;2)分析多维压力因素是否预测心理健康;3)确立参加健身锻炼人员多维压力是否有显著不同;4)确立参加健身锻炼人员是否心理健康存在显著不同。运用问卷调查方法,针对8类职业人员发放问卷1 000份,返回709份(70.9%)。统计分析采用描述性统计、ANOVA、层次回归(HRA)、MANOVA、MANCONA方法。结果显示:工作、教育、医疗是不同职业人群的主要压力源,不同职业人员压力显著不同,多维压力因素能够预测心理健康。虽然参加健身锻炼对压力和心理健康产生较大影响,但是有规律参加健身锻炼人员比例较低。总之,工作、教育、医疗是山东省不同职业主要多维压力源,也是影响心理健康的关键要素,有规律健身锻炼是减少压力因子与提高心理健康的重要手段。With society and economy renovation, the stress essentials have seriously influenced the citizen psycho- logical health. Some overseas and domestic scholars made research on the influence of workplace stress on the psy- chological health, but the study in various dimensions of stresses essentials from different occupations was less. Purpose of the research was to explore ： 1 ） Whether the existence of difference of different occupations in Shandong province; 2）Whether multi-dimensional stress essentials predict the psychological health; 3 ）Whether the muhi- dimensional stresses among the citizens participating exercises had significantly difference ; 4） Whether the psycho- logical health of the people participating exercises had significantly difference. With questionnaire method, ques- tionnaires were distributed to 1 000 people from eight different occupations and 709 （70.9%）were returned. The statistic measures, such as descriptive method, ANOVA, HRA, MANOVA and MANCONA were utilized in this study. The results demonstrated that the main sources of stresses were work, education, medical care. People in different occupations had evident difference level of stress. And multi-dimensional indicators can predict psycho- logical health. The physical exercise can reduce the stresses and improve the psychological health, but lots of peo- ple have not regular physical exercises. Overall, the main sources of multi-dimensional stress among professionals were work, education and medical care, which are also the main factors to influence psychological health. Regular physical exercise is an important way to reduce stresses and improve psychological health.

关 键 词：健身锻炼 不同职业 多维压力 心理健康 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]