Lake eutrophication and its ecosystem response  

作　　者：QIN BoQiang GAO Guang ZHU GuangWei ZHANG YunLin SONG YuZhi TANG XiangMing XU Hai DENG JianMing 

机构地区：[1]Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences [2]College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

出　　处：《Chinese Science Bulletin》2013年第9期961-970,共10页

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40825004,41230744,41271355 and 31270505)

摘　　要：China is a country with many lakes,about one-third of which are freshwater mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Currently most of the lakes are mesotrophic or eutrophic.Lake eutrophication has become one of the major ecological and environmental problems faced by lakes in China and can lead to a series of abnormal ecosystem responses,including extinction of submerged plants,frequent occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms,increased microbial biomass and productivity,decreased biodiversity,accelerated cycles,and a change in the efficient use of nutrients.With development of eutrophication,the whole lake ecosystem suffers decreased biodiversity,simplification of biotic community structure,instability of the ecosystem,and ultimately the clear-water,macrophyte-dominated ecosystem gradually shifts to a turbid-water,algae-dominated ecosystem.This ecosystem succession mechanism is speculated to be caused by different nutrient utilization efficiencies of macrophytes and phytoplankton.The ultimate ecosystem succession trend of seriously eutrophic lakes is that a phytoplankton-dominated autotrophic lake shifts to a heterotrophic lake dominated by micro-organisms,protozoans.China is a country with many lakes, about one-third of which are freshwater mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Currently most of the lakes are mesotrophic or eutrophic. Lake eutrophication has become one of the major ecological and environmental problems faced by lakes in China and can lead to a series of abnormal ecosystem responses, including extinction of submerged plants, frequent occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms, increased microbial biomass and productivity, decreased biodiversity, accelerated cycles, and a change in the efficient use of nutrients. With development of eutrophication, the whole lake ecosystem suffers decreased biodiversity, simplification of biotic community structure, instability of the ecosystem, and ultimately the clear-water, macrophyte-dominated ecosystem gradually shifts to a turbid-water, algae-dominated ecosystem. This ecosystem succession mechanism is speculated to be caused by different nutrient utilization efficiencies of macrophytes and phytoplankton. The ultimate ecosystem succession trend of seriously eutrophic lakes is that a phytoplankton-dominated autotrophic lake shifts to a heterotrophic lake dominated by micro-organisms, protozoans.

关 键 词：湖泊生态系统 湖泊富营养化 生物多样性 生态环境问题 水体富营养化 生物群落结构 养分利用效率 生态系统演替 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]