硕士生求职就业中的性别差异研究  

Gender Gap in Job Searching and Employment of Master's Graduates

作　　者：杨钋[1] 史祎美[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院教育经济研究所,北京100871

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2013年第3期62-68,共7页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"高校毕业生就业问题与对策研究"(0981ZD058)部分成果

摘　　要：随着研究生扩招和女性研究生比例的提高,女性硕士毕业生的就业情况并没有因受教育程度的提高而得到明显的改善,劳动力市场中仍然存在着显著的性别差异。通过对2005年和2009年北京大学"全国高校毕业生就业调查"数据分析发现,在求职过程方面,2009年女硕士倾向于把中介和亲戚朋友作为求职信息来源,她们更重视工资待遇,但是她们的求职面试比和求职花费均低于男性。在就业满意度方面,2009年不存在显著的性别差异,但男性毕业生在求职面试比方面的优势显著地提高了他们的就业满意度。2005年男性与女性的求职过程无显著差异,而且两性的求职过程对就业质量无显著影响。两年相比,两性毕业生的求职策略和行动随时间日益分化,但求职过程中的性别差异尚未完全转化为就业质量的性别差异。With the graduate enrollment expansion and the increasing share of female students, the labor market condition for female master degree holders has not improved as their educational attainment advances. There is still a significant gendergap in labor market achievement. Analysis based on 2005 and 2009 Peking University＇s College Graduate Employment Survey revealed that female graduates tended to rely on job search agencies and relatives or friends to find jobs in 2009. They paidmore attention to salary, but had a lower job application-interview ratio and lower job search expenditure. In addition, female graduates had similar job satisfaction as their male counterparts in 2009, but male students with more interview opportunitieswere more satisfied with their first jobs. There was no significant gender difference in job search in 2005. In 2005, job search strategy had no impact on job satisfaction. In conclusion, although male and female master＇s degree holders were taking increasingly different job search strategies, the gender difference in job search process had not completely transformed into gender difference in employment quality.

关 键 词：求职过程 就业质量 性别差异 

分 类 号：G647.38[文化科学—高等教育学]