论中国古代芦苇资源的自然分布、社会利用和文化反映  

On Natural Distribution, Social Utilization and Cultural Reflection of Reed Resources in Ancient China

作　　者：程杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学,南京210097

出　　处：《阅江学刊》2013年第1期119-134,共16页Yuejiang Academic Journal

摘　　要：芦苇是我国分布最为广泛和丰盛的草本资源,唐以前我国北方的生态状况良好,芦苇资源较为丰富。宋以来北方环境恶化,芦苇分布也相对萎缩和减少。唐以前人们对南方的芦苇资源关注不多,中唐以来随着人口增加和经济中心的南移,长江中下游流域和东部沿海地区的芦洲苇区受到重视。我国人民利用芦苇至少有7000多年的历史,芦苇编席绞绳、用作建筑材料的历史最久,新石器遗址即发现芦席、芦泥土块,民间编席、盖屋一直延续至今。芦苇的燃料价值最为重要,先秦时即设官专事积贮,明清时森林资源匮乏,芦柴资源就日见重要。芦苇的食用、药用始见于汉,此后长用不衰。宋元以来,沿江滨海芦洲苇地开始征税,官民之间竞谋其利,构成了经济史上一个特殊的现象,突出体现了芦苇资源的历史价值。芦苇广泛的自然分布和普遍的经济应用,也激发人们广泛的兴趣,相应的文学艺术作品极为丰富。芦苇风景以规模浩渺、江湖生境称胜,备受人们的喜爱。人们通过芦苇意象感受时序的变迁,抒发江湖飘泊的情怀,寄托江湖逍遥的志趣,从而赋予了丰富的人文意义。综合自然资源、历史作用和文化意义诸方面的因素而言,芦苇在我国草本植物资源中极其重要,地位仅次于竹,而超越于其他植物之上。Reed resources are the most widely distributed herbaceous resources in China. The ecological situation may be called favorable before Tang dynasty. At that time, there are abundant reed resources. Reed resources have been withering and reducing relatively because of the North＇s environmental degradation since Song dynasty. Due to increase in population and the economic center＇s moving to South since Middle Tang Dy nasty, the natural reed areas in the middle and lower parts of the Yangtze River and coastal areas of East China have received great attention. People in China have made use of reeds for at least 7000 years. Reeds can be made into mad and twisted ropes. However, reeds were originally used as building materials. The fuel value of reeds is particularly important. During the preQin period, officials are appointed to be specialized in the reper tory of reeds. In Ming and Qing dynasty, forest resources were scarce, making the reed resources become more important. Since Song and Yuan dynasty, the natural reed areas along the river and coast began to be taxed. Then officials and common people all sought such interests at that time, constituting a special and complex phe nomenon in history of economy. The historical value of reeds was also highlighted. People can sense the transi tion of time series via the image of reed, express the feeling of wandering pin their inclinations of peripateticism. Therefore, the reeds are endowed about all comers of with rich humanistic the country and significance.

关 键 词：芦苇 荻 资源 分布 经济 文化 价值 

分 类 号：S564.2[农业科学—作物学]