大黄种质考证与资源分布  

Textual Research on Germplasm and Distribution of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma

作　　者：王岩[1] 宋良科[1] 王小宁[1] 李志昊[1] 吴蜀星[1] 余成龙[1] 欧平 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学生命科学与工程学院,成都610031 [2]四川诚隆药业有限责任公司,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《中国药房》2013年第11期1040-1043,共4页China Pharmacy

基　　金：中医药行业科研专项子课题资助(No.201107009);四川省阿坝州唐古特大黄GAP基地建设科研协作课题(No.2011XNJDl001)

摘　　要：目的:为大黄不同种质的分布区域与优质栽培资源的确定提供依据。方法:以大黄本草学考证为基础,结合实地调查与分类鉴定结果,即文献考证法、资源调查法及植物分类法进行综合分析。结果:古代河西地区及蜀郡北部,即现青海东部及东南部、四川西北部是唐古特大黄Rheum tanguticum的主要分布区;古代陇西及周边地区,即现甘肃东部及东南部、青海与四川西北部交界区域是掌叶大黄R.palmatum的主要分布区;古代蜀川、陕西州郡,即现四川东北部及陕西南部、湖北西北部是大黄R.officinale的主要分布区,形成了大黄不同种质(亲代传递给后代的遗传物质)的各自主产区。结论:唐古特大黄R.tanguticum从古至今以川、青、甘三省交界区域为分布中心,以其紫地锦色、量大、质优为3种大黄中的优质栽培资源。To provide reference for defining the distribution area and optimal germplasm of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. METHODS： Based on bencaology textual research of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, results of field surveying and classification identification, i.e. literature research method, resource survey and plant classification were conducted. RESULTS： Ancient Hexi region and the north of Shujun was the east and southeast of Qinghai province and the northwest of Sichuan province; it was the main distribution area of Rheum tanguticum. Ancient Longxi and surrounding areas were the east and southeast of Gansu province and the Qinghai and northwest of Sichuan province border areas; it was the main distribution area of R. palmatum. Ancient Shuchuan and Shanxi were the northeast of Sichuan province, the southwest of Shaanxi province and northwest of Hubei province; it was the main distribution area of R. officinale. They were the major producing areas of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma with different germplasm that parental generation handed down to offspring. CONCLUSION： The borderlands of Sichuan, Qinghai and Gansu province have been being the center area of distribution and cultivation of R. tanguticum in all ages, and it is the best among 3 kinds of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma because of purple creeper color, big quantity and high quality.

关 键 词：大黄 本草学 种质 资源分布 

分 类 号：R281[医药卫生—中药学] R282[医药卫生—中医学]