玉米生长对不同耕作方式下的径流及产沙的影响  

Effect of Maize on Runoff and Sediment Yield Under Different Tillage Practices

作　　者：陈龙飞[1] 刘普灵[1,3] 王栓全[2] 刘栋[4] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [4]重庆水利电力职业技术学院,重庆永川402160

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第1期12-16,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目“农田水土保持关键技术研究与示范”(2001BAD31BO1);中国科学院重点项目“近百年黄土高原侵蚀环境与水沙变化”(KZZD-EW-04-03)

摘　　要：采用室内人工模拟降雨的方法,以顺坡种植为参照,对玉米不同生育期、不同耕作方式下径流及产沙特征进行研究。结果表明:(1)鱼鳞坑种植、植物防冲带种植都有较强的径流、产沙调控作用;横坡种植有一定的产沙调控作用,但是径流调控作用不明显;(2)随着玉米生长,不同耕作方式的径流、产沙调控作用都在增强,其中产沙调控作用大于径流调控作用;随着雨强的增大,不同耕作方式的径流、产沙调控作用呈现减弱的趋势;(3)在玉米生长前期,鱼鳞坑种植的径流、产沙调控作用大于植物防冲带种植,在后期要小于植物防冲带种植;(4)在60mm/h和90mm/h的雨强下,产沙量与叶面积指数都呈现极显著的线性负相关关系,径流量与叶面积指数的相关关系不明显。The laboratory experiment was conducted under simulated rainfalls to evaluate the effect of maize at different growth stage on runoff and sediment yield under different tillage practices. The results showed that： （1）Compared to straight tillage, plant buffer strip and fish-scale pit could effectively control the runoff and silt, while contour tillage could only decrease the runoff to some extent. （2）With the growth of corn, all the treatments＇ function of runoff and sediment regulation was enhanced, and silt could be more effectively controlled than runoff. With the increase of rainfall intensity, all the treatments＇ function of runoff and sediment regulation weakened. （3） The function of runoff and sediment regulation of fish scale pit was greater than plant buffer strip in the prophase of maize growth, while in the late was lower. （4）Under the rainfall intensity of 60, 90 mm/h, sediment yield and leaf area index presented a significant negative liner correlation, while runoff amount and leaf area index presented an insignificant correlation.

关 键 词：耕作方式 全生育期 玉米 径流量 产沙量 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]