人工降雨条件下不同坡度和降雨强度对聚丙烯酰胺控制紫色土磷素流失的影响  

Effect of PAM Application on Phosphorus Losses from Purple Soil Under Different Slope and Rainfall Intensity During Simulated Rainfall

作　　者：闫金龙[1] 江韬[1,2] 滕玲玲 魏世强[1,2] 李璐璐[1] 郭念[1] 罗在波 周宏光[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [2]重庆市农业资源与环境研究重点实验室,重庆400716 [3]浙江省丽水市环保局,浙江丽水323000 [4]重庆市万盛经开区环保旅游局,重庆400800

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第1期35-40,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07104-003)

摘　　要：通过模拟降雨试验研究不同坡度和降雨强度条件下,施用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)对紫色土磷素流失的影响。结果表明:在控制径流上,施用PAM对较大坡度效果比缓坡明显(p<0.05),随坡度增加壤中流产流时间提前、流量增大。同时,坡耕地表面径流量和流速变化可能存在临界坡度范围(15°～20°),当坡度超过临界范围时,流速和流量反而减小。在磷素流失控制上,施用PAM对大坡度控制效果比小坡度显著(p<0.01)。施用PAM后,紫色土坡地表面径流量和径流速率均随降雨强度增大而增大,而径流中TP浓度逐渐减少,在中等雨强(34mm/h)时,PAM对紫色土磷素流失控制效果最好,其总磷(TP)流失量分别为低雨强(17mm/h)和大雨强(84mm/h)的77.37%和40.22%。由降雨径流量和磷输出的关系发现,雨强对TP浓度随径流量的变化趋势有一定影响,但影响较小;坡度对TP浓度的变化趋势基本没有影响。Through simulated rainfall experiment, effect of polyacrylamide（PAM） application on phosphorus losses from purple soil under different slopes and rainfall intensities were both investigated. The results showed that： For control of runoff, the effect of PAM application was significantly observed for decreasing runoff on higher slope condition as compared with lower slope（p〈0. 05）, meanwhile, with increasing of time, initiation time of soil interflow occurred in advance with increasing interflow volumes, which all the changes of surface runoff and flow rate might exist in a threshold range of slopes（15°--20°）. When slope exceeded threshold range, the surface runoff volume and rate both decreased. On the other hand, for decreasing P losses, in higher slope condition PAM application also showed an evidential impact on decreasing P losses rather than in lower slope（p〈0.01）. After additions of PAM, surface runoff volume and rate in purple slope soils increased with increasing rainfall intensities, however the similar trend for total P （TP） concentration in runoff was not observed. In condition of medium rainfall intensity（34 mm/h）, the effect of PAM on decreasing P losses was the greatest suggesting 77.37% and 40.22% higher than under low （17 mm/h） and high （84 ram/h） rainfall intensities respectively. Additionally, through relationship established between runoff volume and P losses in rainfall condition, a certain effect of rainfall intensity on TP concentrations with runoff volume changing could be unveiled, but not as significant as expectation. Furthermore, the TP change trend nearly independent of slopes was observed in this study.

关 键 词：坡度 降雨强度 PAM 紫色土 磷 人工降雨 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]