油松与其他树种枯落叶混合分解对养分释放的影响  

Impacts of Mixed Leaf Litter Decomposition of Pinus tabulaeformis with Other Trees on Nutrient Release

作　　者：张晓曦[1] 刘增文[2,3] 杜良贞[4] 祝振华[2] 许加[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [4]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第1期116-120,125,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31070630);西北农林科技大学大学生创新实验计划项目(2010年)

摘　　要：以黄土高原数量最多、分布最广的针叶人工林树种油松为对象,研究采集油松及其他拟混交的9个树种的当年枯落叶,以无林荒草地腐殖质层土壤作为分解介质,在室内将油松分别与不同树种枯落叶以一定比例混合后装入尼龙网袋并埋入盛土培养钵中,恒温恒湿下连续进行345d分解培养试验,测定分解前后枯落叶质量及养分含量的变化,探讨油松与其他树种枯落叶混合分解对养分释放的影响。结果表明:(1)在所有10个树种中,油松枯落叶的N、P和K含量最低,而C含量、C/N和C/P最高,属于枯落叶基质质量较差的树种;油松枯落叶除了K、Ni之外,其他C、N、P、Cu、Zn、Cd均释放最慢;在枯落叶分解过程中,大量元素整体上较微量元素容易释出,其中,大量元素中K最活跃而易释出,P比较迟钝而难释出,C、N居中并具有一定的释出同步性;微量元素中Zn最为活跃而易释出,其次是Cd和Cu,Ni一般较迟钝而难释出。(2)不同树种枯落叶分别与油松枯落叶混合分解对各种养分释放有明显促进作用的分别为:落叶松和白桦对C;柠条、白桦、白榆、沙棘和辽东栎对N;小叶杨、白桦、刺槐、沙棘和柠条对P;白桦、沙棘和紫穗槐对Cu;白桦和紫穗槐对Zn;白榆对Ni;落叶松、刺槐、白桦和白榆对Cd。(3)根据对所有养分释放影响的综合分析,与油松枯落叶混合分解总体上可明显促进养分释放的树种为白桦,其次为落叶松和沙棘;总体上可明显抑制养分释放的树种为小叶杨,其次为辽东栎和柠条。Abstract. This study took the typical planted forest of Pinus tabulaeforrnis which had the most amount and wide distribution in Loess Plateau as objective, through gathering current year fallen leaf litter of P. tabulaeformis and other 9 mixed tree species, and humus soil（0--20 cm） of no forested grass land as medium, incubation of mixed leaf litter decay of P. tabulaeformis with other trees respectively had been carried out for 345 d under the same condition of temperature and moisture with the method of nylon mesh bag buried in soil. Based on measuring the change of litter masses and nutrient contents, impacts of mixed leaf litter decomposition of P. tabulaeformis with other trees on nutrient release were studied. The results showed that. （1）Among the 10 tree species, leaf litter of P. tabulaeforrnis had poor substrate quality characteristic as the least N, P and K contents, the most C content and C/N, C/P. Except K and N, other nutrients of C, N, P, Cu, Zn and Cd in leaf litter of P. tabulaeformis released the most slowly. Among the nutrients, macronutrients were more active and easy released than micronutrients. In macronutrients, K was the most active and easy released, while P was generally dull and difficult released, and C and N were moderate and often synchronous in releasing. In micronutrients, Zn was the most actively and the easiest released, followed by Cd and Cu, but Ni was dully and difficultly released. （2） Leaf litters which showed obvious promoting effects on nutrient releasing when mixed with P. tabulaeforrnis included. L. principis-rupprechtii and B. platyphylla on C~ C. microphylla, H. rhamnoides, U. purnila, 13. platyphylla and Q. liaotungensis on N;P. simonii, B. platyphylla, R. pseudoacacia, H. rharnnoides and C. microphylla on P; B. platyphylla, H. rhamnoides and A. fruticosa on Cu; B. platyphylla and A. fruticosa on Zn; U. pumila on Ni~ L. principis-rupprechtii , R. pseudoacacia, B. platyphylla and U. pumiga on Cd. （3）According to the comprehensive analysis on total nutri

关 键 词：油松 枯落叶混合分解 养分释放 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]