作为有标记话题结构的一种“就”字句——兼与“连”字句、“像”字句比较  

“Jiu(就)”-initial Sentences as Marked Topic-comment Structures:A Study with a Comparison to “Lian(连)”-initial and “Xiang(像)”-initial Sentences

作　　者：强星娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语学院,100083

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2013年第2期67-73,共7页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金"汉语话题标记的类型及其语义地图研究"(10YJC740084);国家社科基金青年项目"汉语主句现象与从句环境的类型学研究"(07YYC020)的资助

摘　　要：本文讨论一种"就"字句,其特性表现在:"就"后名词性短语(NP)语义上具有消极性,句法上倾向于复杂,一般带内涵性定语,其功能相当于"次级述谓";该NP中有一个焦点成分;在指称功能方面具有强烈的现场直指性;同时,其功能不限于指称和作论元,而是兼具一定的情态表达功能,即贬损性的评价情态,属于说话人导向情态(speaker-oriented modality)的一种。此外,"就"后的述谓部分也是有标记的:主观性和话语性较强,表现在多用反问、祈使等语力强的言语行为,或使用同时具有话题焦点敏感算子功能和强化语气功能的标记(情态副词)。另外,通过与结构类似的"连"字句、"像"字句的句法和语义的比较,辨析了三者的细腻差别。本文认为,"就"字句是一种有标记的话题结构,"就"可以看作有标记的话题标记。The present paper specifies a specific type of ＂flu （就）＂- initial sentences which have previously been neglected and thus under-documented. First, the nominal phrase （NP henceforth） following ＂flu＂ is semantically negative, syntactically prone to a great complexity as exemplified by the rather obligatory presence of the ＂meaning-restricting＂ modifiers which serve as a ＂secondary predication＂ ; Second, the NP has a focus in it, and is referentially deictic; Third, in addition to its function as a referential device and an argument, the NP expresses a derogatory evaluative modality, which is speaker-oriented. The predication in a ＂flu＂- initial sentence is also marked by its high degree of subjectivity in that most of these predications are rhetoric interrogatives and imperatives and that a numbers of topic-sensitive operators and modal intensifiers are used. The paper then differentiates the subtle uses and constraints of the sentences initial with ＂lian （连） and ＂xiang （像） ＂, and ＂flu＂. It proposes that ＂flu＂- initial sentences are a marked topic-comment structure and ＂flu＂ itself a special topic marker.

关 键 词：“就”字句 次级述谓 消极性 直指性 贬损性评价情态 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]