精神分析视野下的人权批判——科斯塔斯·杜兹纳精神分析法学评述  

Criticization of Human Rights From The Perspective of Psychoanalysis:Commentary on Psychoanalysis Law Studies of Costas Douzinas

作　　者：龙文懋[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学政法学院

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2013年第1期92-101,4,共10页Global Law Review

摘　　要：科斯塔斯·杜兹纳是英国批判法学的领军者、西方精神分析法学的代表人物。他运用拉康的精神分析理论揭示了西方正统自由主义人权理论的内在悖论,指出福山宣告的历史的终结和人权的全面胜利并未来临,并且永远不会来临。宣告人权取得全面胜利实际上是在宣告人权死亡。按照自由主义人权哲学,权利名目不断增多、权利保护范围不断扩大表明人权在持续发展,最终将趋近"人的全面解放"。而杜兹纳则认为,"权利的爆炸"并不是通往人的解放之路,它将导致人的"碎片化":权利越多,主体就越加分裂,而越加分裂的主体将愈加欲求权利,从而导致权利的新一轮增殖及主体的进一步分裂。权利愈多,就愈觉权利匮乏,这就是权利自我增殖的怪圈。要破解自由主义人权哲学的怪圈,必须引入他性伦理学,借助爱和团结,因此笛卡尔和康德确立的以自我为核心的伦理学必须扬弃。整体而言,作为西方世界衣食无虞的知识分子,杜兹纳的人权哲学在消弭过度的权利诉求方面更有价值,而在消除真正的权利匮乏及提高人权保障程度方面意义有限。Costas Douzinas is a prominent scholar of the British Critical Legal Studies and the principal exponent of Psychoanalysis and Law Studies in the Western world. He applies Lacan＇ s Psychoanalysis theory to reveal the inherent paradox contained in the Western traditional Liberalism Theory of human rights. He points out that the ＂end of history＂ and the ＂full victory of human fights＂ proposed by Francis Fukuyama have not achieved yet, neither will approach ever. In fact, announcing the triumph of human rights is the declaration of death of human rights. In the light of Liberalism Theory of human rights, the increasing number of rights items as well as the expanding of the rights protection show that human rights have sustainably developed, approaching the ＂comprehensive human liberation＂ in the end. Douzinas, however, views that the ＂explosion of rights＂ is not the path leading to human liberation. The explosion of rights would result in ＂human fragmentation＂, the more rights are created, the further division is imposed on subjects. Accordingly,the increasing divided subjects seek more and more rights, which causes the new round of rights growth as well as the subjects division. This is the trap of the rights reproduction. To escape the trap, it is necessary to introduce the alterity Ethics, relying on love and solidarity. Therefore,the self-centered Ethics-established by Descartes and Kant-must be sublated. On the whole, as an intellectual living in the well-off Western society, Douzinas makes the contribution to prevent the excessive demand of rights. On the other hand, his human rights philosophy has the limits to respond to the real lack of rights as well as the improvement of human rights protection.

关 键 词：精神分析 人权哲学 批判 科斯塔斯·杜兹纳 

分 类 号：D909.1[政治法律—法学理论]