双季晚稻田灌溉径流氮磷分布特征研究  

Study on distribution characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in irrigation runoff from double-cropping late rice field

作　　者：陈成广[1] 赵轻舟[2] 胡保卫[3] 

机构地区：[1]绍兴文理学院元培学院生命科学系,浙江绍兴312000 [2]西安理工大学,陕西西安710048 [3]绍兴文理学院,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《水利学报》2013年第2期238-242,共5页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：浙江省科技厅公益技术研究社会发展项目(2010C33101);绍兴市科技计划项目(2011A23006)

摘　　要：以浙江绍兴地区曹娥江流域双季晚稻耕作区为研究对象，划分农田系统为引水系统、田间积水、排水系统等3个子系统，研究了在晚稻生长期灌溉动力作用下农田各沟渠径流氮素（总氮、硝酸盐氮、氨氮）及总磷浓度分布特征，并探索了秸秆覆盖裸田对氮、磷流失的影响。结果表明：（1）晚稻生长期间，硝酸盐氮是灌溉径流可溶性氮流失的主要形态，占总氮浓度的63．2％～92．9％。径流氨氮浓度所占比例较低，仅为5．1％～32．1％，且呈田间积水〉排水系统〉引水系统的分布特征；（2）晚稻生长期内农田排水系统总磷浓度是逐级下降的，降幅在14％-26％，但拔节孕穗期田间磷素流失较弱，而返青分蘖期和抽穗结实期则反之；（3）秸秆覆盖能明显减轻裸田氮素的流失，但对各沟渠径流总磷浓度影响不大。Taking the double-cropping late rice field in the Cao＇e Riven basin of Shaoxing, Zhejiang as the research object, the distribution of the concentrations of nitrogen （TN, NO3--N, NH4-N） and TP （to- tal P） in farmland runoff from diversion system, field stagnant water, and drainage system were studied un- der the irrigation in the growing season of late rice; and the effects of straw mulch on the nitrogen and phosphorus loss in bare farmland were investigated. The results show that （1） during the growing season of late rice, the NO3--N was the main form of the dissolved nitrogen loss in irrigation runoff, which account- ed for 63.2%-92.9% of TN, while the NH4＋-N only accounted for 5.1%-32.1% with an order of decreasing concentration of field stagnant water〉drainage system〉diversion system; （2） the TP concentration in the drainage system decreased stepwise by 14%-26% in the growing season, during which the phosphorus loss was slighter in the jointing-booting period, but was larger in the grecning-tillering and heading-filling peri- ods; （3） the straw mulch on the bare farmland significantly reduced the nitrogen loss, but it showed little effect on the TP concentration in farmland runoff.

关 键 词：双季晚稻 灌溉径流 氮磷 生长期 秸秆覆盖 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]