草海典型高原湿地表层沉积物重金属的积累、分布与污染评价  

Accumulation,Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediment of Caohai Plateau Wetland,Guizhou Province

作　　者：张清海[1,2] 林昌虎[3] 谭红[1] 林绍霞[1] 杨鸿波[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省理化测试分析研究中心,贵阳550002 [2]北京理工大学生命学院,北京100081 [3]贵州科学院,贵阳550001

出　　处：《环境科学》2013年第3期1055-1061,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：贵州省社会发展攻关项目(黔科合SY字[2010]3094号);贵州省省长专项资金项目(黔省专合字[2011]16号);贵州省科学技术基金项目(黔科合J字[2010]2127号)

摘　　要：为研究草海高原湿地表层沉积物中重金属含量变化与区域分布特征,采集了16个草海表层沉积物样品并测定了7种重金属的含量,采用Tomlinson污染负荷指数法(pollution load index,PLI)对草海表层沉积物中重金属污染进行评价.结果表明,草海高原湿地表层沉积物中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn的平均含量分别为0.985、0.345、15.8、38.9、38.6、22.8、384mg·kg-1.重金属的分布存在区域差异性,Cd、Hg的平均含量分布为E区(东部)>S区(南部)>N区(北部),Pb的平均含量分布为N区>E区>S区,Zn平均含量分布为S区>E区>N区.草海沉积物重金属污染负荷指数PLIzone为1.17,达到中等污染水平,3个区域表层沉积物的重金属污染程度为E区>S区>N区,其中E区和S区达到中等污染,N区总体为无污染.草海湿地表层沉积物7种重金属污染程度大小顺序为Zn>Hg>Cd>Pb>As>Cu>Cr,Zn、Hg为主要污染物,达到极强度污染水平,Cd、Pb达到中等污染水平.Zn、Hg、Cd、Pb这4种元素污染源相似,因此在草海污染防治方面,应特别重视对Zn、Hg、Cd、Pb污染源的控制.The objective of this paper is to investigate the concentrations and distribution characteristics of heavy metals in surface sediments of different areas in the Caohai plateau wetland. 16 samples of surface sediments were collected and 7 heavy metals were analyzed. Heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of different areas in the Caohai plateau wetland was estimated by the Tomlinson Pollution Load Index （PLI） method. The analyzed results indicated that the average contents of Cd, Hg, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn were 0.985, 0.345, 15.8, 38.9, 38.6, 22. 8 and 384 mg-kg-1, respectively. The heavy metal distributions varied with regional environment changes, the order of average contents of Cd and Hg in different regions was E （ the eastern region） 〉 S （ the southern region） 〉 N （ the northern region） , the order of the average content of Pb was N 〉 E 〉 S, and that of Zn was S 〉 E 〉 N. The results also suggested a medium heavy metal pollution level in the surface sediment of the Caohai plateau wetland with the PLI reaching 1.17. The order of pollution level in surface sediments of different regions was E 〉 S 〉 N. The results showed medium pollution levels in E and S region and non-polluted level in N region. The order of pollution parameter was Zn 〉 Hg 〉 Cd 〉 Pb 〉 As 〉 Cu 〉 Cr. Elements Zn and Hg which reached the extreme intensity pollution level were also the major polluted elements in surface sediments of the Caohai plateau wetland. And also, results showed medium pollution levels of Cd and Pb in surface sediments of Caohai plateau wetland. Cluster analysis results showed similar pollution sources of Cd, Zn, Pb and Hg, which should be attached great importance in terms of the prevention of the Caohai plateau wetland.

关 键 词：草海 高原湿地 表层沉积物 重金属 分布 污染负荷指数法 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]