土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价——以山东半岛蓝色经济区为例  

Characteristics of heavy metals pollution in soil and potential ecological risk assessment——a case study of Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula

作　　者：代杰瑞[1] 胡雪平[1] 王增辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省地质调查院,济南250013

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2013年第1期134-137,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：山东省国土资源大调查项目(2006709);中国地质调查局项目(1212010310306)

摘　　要：以山东半岛蓝色经济区土壤为对象,研究土壤中重金属污染的特征,采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法评价土壤中重金属的潜在生态危害。结果表明,Hg是半岛蓝色经济区首要重金属污染物,而Cd、Cu、Pb污染较为普遍,土壤重金属元素污染程度从大到小依次为Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、As,而重金属潜在生态风险从大到小依次为Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn。总体看来,本区存在一定程度的重金属污染,其潜在生态风险为强和很强的土壤占13.75%,这种综合危害特征主要受Hg和Cd制约,分布在莱州—招远—烟台、牟平—乳山金矿集中区以及人口密集的城镇地带,且已对农作物安全产生影响。地质背景和人类活动(采金污染、城市人口密集生活)的共同作用,是造成局部环境中重金属潜在生态风险较高的主要原因。This paper intends to present a renovated method in hoping to help to make rough evaluation of the heavy metal pollution in the surface soil to solve the ever-worsening soil-contaminated problem in the process of its development. For our research purpose, we haveredefined the potential environmental contamination indexes proposed by Hakanson, an expert from Sweden, and worked out the potential hazards of heavy metals to the surface soil. The method we have de- veloped is to investigate the ecological environment effect of heavy metals on the soil of Blue Economic Zone of Shandong Peninsula. The results of our surveying investigation demonstrate that the most serious contamination element is Hg, followed by Cd, Cu, Pb. Thus, heavy metal contamination in the soil as a result of investigation can be stat- ed in a degrading order of Hg 〉 Cd 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Zn 〉 Cr 〉 As. And, from the point of view of the potential environment risks or hazards of such metals to the environment can be illustrated in an order of Hg 〉 Cd 〉 As 〉 Pb 〉 Cu 〉 Cr 〉 Zn. Generally speaking, the heavy metal pollution situation taking place in the Zone, tends to cause 13.75% soil of the zone suffering from high potential environment risk. The combined contamination damage is characterized by Hg and Cd, scat- tering in the area of Laizhou-Zhaoyuan-Yantai and Mouping-Rushan areas of gold mines and towns with a large size of population. The safety crop production in the above areas has already been noticeably affected. Therefore, it is of urgent need to take into full account the geological background and human activities （including pollution and contamination from gold exploration, industrial development, the ur- ban sprawling with its dense population）, for these are the main fac- tors causing such high potential environment hazards in the corre- sponding areas.

关 键 词：土壤学 重金属污染 潜在生态风险 山东半岛蓝色经济区 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]