外交保护的定义辨析与手段限制——以联合国《外交保护条款草案》为线索  

A Discussion on Definition of Diplomatic Protection and Methods Restricted——Clued With Draft Articles On Deplomatic Protection of United Nations

作　　者：张磊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院,上海200042 [2]复旦大学法学院,上海200433

出　　处：《商洛学院学报》2013年第1期11-15,28,共6页Journal of Shangluo University

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金一筹资助项目(2012M510096);上海市高校青年教师培养资助计划(HDZF10003);上海市教委科研创新项目(13YS084)

摘　　要：外交保护是国际法上国家保护自己国民最重要的手段之一。长期以来围绕外交保护的基本概念和主要手段,国际社会存在比较大的分歧。联合国国际法委员会编纂的《外交保护条款草案》是目前该领域最权威的国际法文件。以该文件作为线索,可以发现,国际法委员会对外交保护的"准定义"尽管已经较为全面,但是还应当融入"国际法不加禁止的行为"与"用尽当地救济"这两个关键要素。就外交保护的手段而言,一部分西方学者认为应当包括武力行为,这源于外交保护在历史上曾经长期成为西方粗暴干涉他国内政的借口。但是大多数发展中国家以及联合国国际法委员会都认为,外交保护必须采取和平的方式。Diplomatic protection is one of most important methods for a country to protect its citizens in international law. The international society has disputes on the definition and main methods of diplomatic protection for long. The Draft Article on Diplomatic Protection, compiled by International Law Commission of United Nations, is the most authoritative document in this field. Clued with the draft, definition given by the Intemational Law Commission of United Nations is relatively comprehensive, but it should embrace more elements such as acts not prohibited by international law and exhaustion of local remedies. As far as the methods are concerned, some western scholars think that violence is permitted which is based on the history when the diplomatic protectiori was the excuse of the west to intervene the internal affairs of others while most developing countries and the International Law Commission think that diplomatic protection should be peaceful.

关 键 词：外交保护 基本概念 主要手段 《外交保护条款草案》 

分 类 号：D80[政治法律—政治学]