胞浆内核酸受体RLRs的研究进展  

Progress in Research on Cytoplasmic RIG-I Like Receptors

作　　者：廖倩[1] 吴谡琦[1] 孙修勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2013年第1期153-160,共8页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目--鱼类多价疫苗的设计与应用策略(2006CB101807);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目--牙鲆主要免疫细胞的功能鉴定与抗原识别和提呈机制的研究(GY-2008T31)

摘　　要：机体如何识别以及清除入侵的病毒一直是免疫学研究的重点,然而对于病毒与宿主细胞相互作用的最早期信号事件的了解甚微。近几年的研究工作在先天性免疫系统如何识别早期病毒的入侵方面取得了重大进展。RIG-I样受体(RIG-I Like Receptors,RLRs)是一类新发现的胞浆内模式识别受体,能够识别细胞质中的病毒核酸,由3个成员组成,分别是RIG-I(Retinoic Acid-inducible Gene I)、MDA5(Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Gene5)和LGP2(Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology 2)。它们可通过自身的CARD结构域与下游信号分子线粒体连接蛋白(Mitochondrial Antiviral Signalling Protein,MAVS)的CARD结构域间的相互作用,激活细胞转录因子IRF和NF-κB,诱导干扰素和促炎症细胞因子的产生,从而启动固有免疫应答和调节随后的获得性免疫应答,增强机体抵抗病毒的能力。因此,RLRs对抗病毒天然免疫的建立起着非常重要的作用。文章将分别就RLRs的组成结构、对病毒核酸等靶分子的识别及其相关信号传导途径方面所取得的主要研究进展做一概述,以期为海洋生物(特别是硬骨鱼类)的抗病毒免疫应答等相关研究提供参考。How the hosts recognize and clear invading viruses is one of the key issues in molecular immu- nology. However, the immediate-early signaling events among host and virus interaction were largely unknown. In the past few years, there are great breakthroughs in this rapidly evolving field. RIG-I like receptors （RLRs） have recently been identified as cytoplasmic sensors for nucleic acid of virus, which RIG-I （retinoic acid-inducible gene I）, MDA5 （melanoma differentiation associated factor 5）and LGP2 （laboratory of genetics and physiology 2）. The CARDs domains within this RLRs mediate associations with its adaptor protein MAVS to activate the transcription factors NF-~B and IRF, and then induce production of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory eytokines. Consequently these factors initiate innate immune responses and the acquired immune responses, enhancing the host＇s antiviral ability. Therefore RLRs play a key role in the detection and subsequent eradication of the replicating viral genomes. Recent progress is summarized in this paper on types, structures of RLRs, its roles in recognition of virus nucleic acid and molecular mediating signaling after the activation of RLRs in order to provide references for researches on antiviral immunity of marine organisms, especially teleost fishes.

关 键 词：RIG-I样受体 RIG-I MDA5 LGP2 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]