沥青基和煤基炭泡沫体成型过程中泡沫成核机理探讨  

Research on nucleation mechanism during foaming of mesophase pitch-derived and coal-derived carbon foams

作　　者：李凯[1] 吴琼[1] 叶平伟[1] 王喜芹[1] 栗丽[1] 栾志强[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京防化研究院第一研究所,北京100191

出　　处：《炭素技术》2013年第1期1-4,共4页Carbon Techniques

摘　　要：沥青基炭泡沫体和煤基炭泡沫体是经过高温高压造泡制备的轻质多功能炭基泡沫材料,分别在航天飞行器热管理和热防护领域具有广阔应用背景。为研究这两种炭泡沫体造泡机理,分别以中间相沥青和黏结性原煤为原材料,在一定温度和压力下,制备了沥青基炭泡沫体和煤基炭泡沫体,在对原材料性能分析的基础上,采用差热分析、扫描电子显微镜表征了成型样品的气泡孔结构。研究表明,低软化点中间相沥青造泡过程以热点成核机理为主,是一个均相成核过程,最终形成规则的球形气泡孔结构;高软化点沥青和黏结性原煤造泡过程以界面成核机理为主,是一个非均相成核过程,形成不规则的气泡孔结构。Mesophase pitch-derived carbon foams and coal-derived carbon foams are new kinds of lightweight multifunctional carbon-based foams applied to thermal management and thermal protection of spacecraft. To understand nucleation mechanism during foaming process, the foams from three kinds of mesophase pitches and bituminous coals with specific foaming temperature and pressure are prepared. In company with analysis of properties of raw materials, Difference Scanning Calorimeter is used to characterize the thermal properties of the raw materials, and Scanning Electron Microscope is used to characterize bubble structure. It is resulted that the nucleation mechanism of mesophase pitches with low softening point is thermal nucleation with homogeneous sphere-type bubble structure, and the nucleation mechanism of the mesophase pitches with high softening point and bitumonous coals is interface nucleation with heterogeneous irregular bubble structure.

关 键 词：炭泡沫体 造泡 中间相沥青 成核机理 

分 类 号：TB383[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TB34