一次雷暴大风的物理环境场和多普勒雷达回波特征  

Analysis of physical parameter field and echo characteristics of Doppler radar in a thunderstorm process

作　　者：阎访[1,2] 陈静[2] 卞韬[2] 廖颖慧[2] 张翠华[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学大气科学学院,江苏南京210044 [2]石家庄市气象局,河北石家庄050081

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2013年第1期33-39,共7页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：2010年度河北省气象局科研开发面上项目"石家庄城市暴雨积水风险评估及防汛决策支撑系统"(10ky21)资助

摘　　要：2009年8月27日15—18时,石家庄地区出现雷暴大风灾害性强对流天气过程。石家庄北部新乐县多普勒雷达探测到了完整的阵风锋、飑线和中气旋等中尺度天气系统,并对此次雷暴大风的环境场和多普勒雷达产品进行分析。结果表明:低层逆温、中低层垂直风切变较强的不稳定层结为强对流天气的发生发展提供了有利环境条件。阵风锋对对流风暴发展强度具有反馈作用,当二者逐渐远离时,对流风暴强度减弱甚至消亡;当二者逐渐靠近时,对流风暴发展加强,甚至发展为超级单体对流风暴。多单体对流风暴带状排列构成飑线系统,所经测站出现风速突增、风向急转、气压升高和气温下降,钩状回波、人字形回波、弓形回波和深厚持久发展的中气旋是天气过程中超级单体对流风暴所具有的典型特征。地面破坏性大风主要由超级单体对流风暴所引发。A thunderstorm disaster appeared in Shijiazhuang region from 15：00 to 18：00 on August 27,2009. The mesoscale synoptic systems of this process such as gust front, squall line and mesocyclone and so on were detected by a Doppler radar at Xinle county of Shijiazhuang. The characteristics of physical parameter field of this process and Doppler radar product were analyzed. The results show that unstable stratification of temperature inversion in the low level and vertical wind shear in the middle and low levels provide favorable conditions for strong convec- tive development. Gust front has feedback action on the development of convective storm intensity. When gust front is moving away from the convective storm, the convective storm weakens or even dies out;when both are gradually close to each other, the convective storm strengthens or even develops into a supercell convective storm. Multiple single convective storm belt arrangement constitutes a squall line system, which brings wind speed spurt, wind zag,pressure upwelling and temperature falling. The supercell convective storm has the typical features of echoes with a ＂hook＂ shape, a ＂herringbone＂ shape, a ＂bow＂ shape, and deep lasting mesocyclone. The ground destructive wind is mainly brought by supercell convective storms.

关 键 词：雷暴大风 物理量场 阵风锋 飑线 中气旋 对流风暴 

分 类 号：P458.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]