基于GIS的黄土高原生态系统服务价值对土地利用变化的响应及生态补偿  

Response of ecosystem service values to land use change based on GIS and ecological compensation in Loess Plateau

作　　者：王飞[1] 高建恩[1,2,3] 邵辉[1] 张通[2] 张元星[1] 许秀泉[3] 赵春红[1] 王宏杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2013年第1期25-31,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"黄土丘陵沟壑区水土保持与高效农业关键技术集成与示范"(2011BAD31B05);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"保障渭河生态基流的关中地区农业节水及调控技术研究"(2009ZX07212-002-003-02)

摘　　要：以黄土高原为研究对象,基于GIS技术,采用土地利用转移矩阵、土地利用动态度方法,研究1985—2005年黄土高原地区土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响以及相应的生态补偿标准。结果表明:1)1985—2005年,黄土高原地区土地利用类型主要为草地和农地,占土地利用方式的75%以上,但农地面积总体在减少,林地面积在不断增加;2)聚落为最活跃的土地利用类型,聚落和湿地+水体呈扩张的发展趋势;3)土地利用变化引起区域生态环境效应,20年间黄土高原地区生态系统服务总价值上涨约0.01%,其中森林增加最多,约为0.09%,农地的生态服务价值下降最多,约为-0.02%,而生态服务功能中,除了与农地和荒漠相关的废物处理和食物生产服务功能下降外,其他生态服务功能均表现为增加;4)根据黄土高原生态系统服务价值,确定该地区的生态补偿标准约为4亿2 732万元。The Loess Plateau is the most serious soil erosion areas would lead to the various ecological and environmental problems, in China, where the which has been one land use changes of the hot issues around the world. By taking the whole Loess Plateau region as the research object, the land use changes between 1985 and 2005 was studied and the reasons of the changes were analyzed based on GIS technology. The effect of land use changes on the ecosystem service was evaluated quantitatively and an appropriate eco-compensation standard was preliminarily developed. The results show that： 1 ） the main type of land use was grassland and farmland, accounting for over 75% of total land use. Among them, the area of farmland was reducing, and the area of woodland was increasing; 2） Settlement was the most active land use type. Settlement and waterland were expanding between 1985 and 2005; 3） Land use changes impacted the regional eco-environmental effects. The total value of ecosystem services rose 0.01% , in which woodland had the biggest increase about 0.09% and the largest decline occurred in farmland about 0.02%. The total ecosystem services of the Loess Plateau were increasing, except the values of waste treatment and food production relating with farmland and wilderness; 4） According to the values of ecosystem services of Loess Plateau, the eco-compensation standard was 427.32 million yuan.

关 键 词：土地利用变化 生态系统服务价值 生态补偿机制 黄土高原 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济] Q149[生物学—生态学]