注液式高速切削主轴动平衡装置设计及其性能研究  

Design and Performance Analysis of Hydrojet-Typed Balancing Device for High-Speed Machine Tool Spindle

作　　者：章云[1] 梅雪松[1,2] 胡振邦[1] 许睦旬[1] 王磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学机械工程学院,西安710049 [2]西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《西安交通大学学报》2013年第3期13-17,23,共6页Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家"973计划"资助项目(2009CB72405);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51075321)

摘　　要：为有效抑制高速切削主轴的不平衡振动,提出了适用于该类主轴的注液式在线动平衡装置,并讨论了该装置的工作原理及平衡终端的结构特性。为了实现喷液量的精密控制,通过控制液压系统喷射管道的直径、液体压力等参数,使平衡液体处于层流运动状态。通过分析平衡终端内、外圈径向位移与转速的关系,验证了该装置在高速旋转下的安全性。在研究该装置的平衡能力及精度的基础上,通过合理设计液体容腔,实现了喷液量与平衡配重间的线性关联。此外,还提出了考虑初次试重预估的迭代矢量反馈平衡控制策略,从而满足了该装置用于高速平衡时的特殊需求。高速主轴动平衡实验的结果表明,在20 700r/min时,通过平衡操作可使主轴不平衡振动的幅值下降约78.8%,从而验证了该平衡装置及其平衡控制策略的有效性。An online hydrojet-typed balancing device for high-speed cutting spindle is proposed for reducing the unbalance vibration. The working principle of this balancing device and the structural characteristics of the balancing head are discussed. The aim of laminar motion of balancing liquid is realized according to the calculation of the liquid flow rate and the liquid Reynolds number, the mechanical reliability of this device is verified by analyzing the relationship between the rotating speed and the radial displacement of balancing head, and the relationship between the balancing capacity and liquid mass is analyzed. Combining iterative vector feedback method with first count weights estimating algorithm, the automatic balance control strategy is proposed to meet the requirements of high-speed balancing. The experiment of a high-speed spindle system with the balaneing device demonstrates that the unbalance response is reduced by 78.8% at 20 700 r/min.

关 键 词：高速主轴 动平衡装置 平衡控制策略 

分 类 号：TH113.25[机械工程—机械设计及理论]