南美板块北部边界作用对其含油气盆地的影响  

Impact of the northern South America Plate boundary evolution upon petroliferous basins

作　　者：程小岛[1,2] 李江海[1,2] 高危言[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学石油与天然气研究中心,北京100871

出　　处：《石油与天然气地质》2013年第1期112-119,共8页Oil & Gas Geology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"计划)项目(2009CB219302)

摘　　要：对比分析了南美板块北部演化史及其典型含油气盆地——马拉开波盆地和东委内瑞拉盆地的发育史,认为当南美板块北部早期处于被动陆缘发育阶段时,其含油气盆地沉积了优质的海相烃源岩;后期加勒比板块相对南美板块自西向东斜向俯冲,使南美北部盆地不同阶段演化时间具有先后顺序,即西部盆地构造演化先于东部盆地,盆地油气的成熟、运移和成藏也相应地具有一定的先后次序性。俯冲带来大量碎屑充填的前陆楔状体,为油气提供了良好的储层,油气沿挤压应力方向和俯冲产生的多种断层自北向南运移,并最终保存在构造圈闭中。此外,加勒比板块的斜向俯冲,使北部的逆冲断层兼具走滑性质,同时发育大量滑移断层,对油气的后期破坏较弱,有利于南美北部的油气保存。This article correlated the evolution history of the northern South America Plate and its typical petroli- ferous basins（ Maracaibo Basin and East Venezuela Basin）. In the early of evolution,the northern South America Plate was in the passive margin stage when quality marine source rocks were deposited in these petroliferous ba- sins. In the late of evolution, the east-to-west oblique subduction of the Caribbean Plate under the South Ameri- can Plate resulted in the sequential tectonic evolution of the petroliferous basins in northern South America. i. e. tectonic evolution of the basin in the west was prior to that in the east. Correspondingly, the generation, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons obeyed similar order to that of basins. The subduction resulted in the formation of many clastic-filled wedges, which are wonderful reservoirs. Hydrocarbons migrated from north to south along compression stress direction and faults and were eventually preserved within structural traps. Moreover, the ob- lique character of subduction brought certain strike-slip properties to the thrust faults. Many strike-slip faults were developed and imposed little late damages to the accumulation of oil and gas, leading to better preserve conditions for the oil and gas in northern South America.

关 键 词：构造演化 斜向俯冲 马拉开波盆地 东委内瑞拉盆地 南美板块北部 

分 类 号：TE121.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]