空间液氦温区机械式制冷技术发展现状及趋势  

Status and development trends of space mechanical refrigeration system at liquid helium temperature

作　　者：甘智华[1,2] 王博[1] 刘东立[1] 王任卓[1] 张学军[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学制冷与低温研究所,浙江杭州310027 [2]浙江大学能源清洁利用国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（工学版）》2012年第12期2160-2177,共18页Journal of Zhejiang University：Engineering Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51176165);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金资助项目(2011QNA4008)

摘　　要：在介绍已发射和在研液氦温区低温探测器的任务目标和对低温系统性能要求的基础上,分析了空间用液氦温区机械式制冷技术的设计方法和工作性能,并对其发展趋势进行了展望.当前空间液氦温区机械式制冷技术主要采用线性压缩机驱动的预冷型4 He和3 He J-T节流制冷技术,而对于提供预冷的斯特林制冷机、吸附制冷机和高频脉管制冷机而言,进一步提高制冷效率是实现整机高效运行的关键.On the basis of an overall introduction of mission objectives and cryogenics system performance requirements of the launched and developing cryogenic detectors at liquid helium temperature, this work analyzed the design methods and working performance of space oriented mechanical cryogenic technologies at liquid helium temperature, and also predicted the future trends of technical development. Space mechanical cryogenic technologies at liquid helium temperature mainly adopt linear compressor to drive pre- cooled 4He and 3He J-T throttling refrigeration technology, but for Stirling cryocoolers, sorption cryocoolers and high-frequency pulse tube cryocoolers which provide pre-cooling, further improvement of refrigeration efficiency is the key to realize the high efficiency of the entire machine.

关 键 词：液氦温区 空间应用 低温探测器 机械式制冷系统 J-T节流制冷机 预冷 

分 类 号：TK1[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]