锰污染土壤修复的植物筛选与改良效应  

Plant selection for bioremediation of Mn polluted soils and their improvement effects

作　　者：欧阳林男[1] 吴晓芙[1] 郭丹丹[1] 陈永华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学环境科学与工程研究中心,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2012年第12期7-11,共5页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家林业科技推广项目[2010-43];国家十二五科技支撑项目(2012BAC09B03-4);湖南省环境科学与工程重点学科与重点实验室基金

摘　　要：以锰矿渣作为基质,选用牛耳枫Daphniphyllum calycinum Benth、蚊母Distylium racemosum Sieb. et Zucc.、小叶女贞Ligustrum quihoui Carr.、大叶樟Cinnamomum parthenoxylon(Jack)Nees、构树Broussonetiapa pyrifera作为测试植物,进行了室外盆栽植物筛选和基质改良对比试验。结果表明,种植十个月后,5种试验植物生长良好,改良组成活率均在63%以上,试验植物中生物量较大的为构树和蚊母,其次是小叶女贞,大叶樟与牛耳枫的生物量最小。牛耳枫的茎叶和根部Mn含量均比较高,对照组根部达792.4 mg·kg-1。构树在根系Mn含量超过493 mg·kg-1的情况下,植株的生长状态良好,根系十分发达,表现出来极强的耐受力,是锰矿区理想的先锋树种。小叶女贞的Mn转运能力最强,对照组的Mn转运系数高达6.28,植株地上部分Mn富集量达到7.92 mg。土壤改良剂(有机肥+矿物吸附剂+抗锰菌种)应用在一定程度上增大了植物的成活率与生物量,降低了植物根系重金属含量,但对植物生长的促进作用不显著,改良剂用量的最佳比例尚有待进一步考察。Five plant species, Daphniphyllum calycinum Benth, Distylium racemosum Sieb.et Zucc, Ligustrum quihoui Carr, Cinnamomum parthenoxylon（Jack） Nees, Broussonetia papyrifera, were selected as testing plants for outdoor screening of manganesetolerant plants. Pot experiments were conducted using residuals collected from manganese mining area as the plant growth medium. The results show that the tested plants grew well and their survival rates were above 63% in pots added with remediation agents after theseedlings were transplanted for ten months. B. papyrifera and D. racemosum had the largest biomass quantity, followed by L. quihoui, C. parthenoxylon and D. calycinum. The manganese contents ofD calycinum were high in both its roots and above-ground tissues andits average root manganese content obtained for the control pots reached 792.4 mg·kg^-1. Accounted for by its ability of tolerance to high level of Mn pollution, B. papyrifera was shown to be an ideal pioneer tree species for bio-remediation of Mn polluted soils. Rapid growthand well developed root system of this species were observed even when its root manganese content exceeded 493 mg·kg^-1. L. quihoui had the highest manganese transportation ratio among the tested plant species. The manganese transfer coefficient （the ratio of above- tobelow-ground uptake） found for L. quihoui was 6.28 in the control and the total above-ground manganese uptake of this species reached 7.92 mg/pot. Addition of remediation reagents （a mixture of organic manure, mineral adsorbent and Mn-tollerant bacteriea） did not onlyenhance to certain extent both the plant survival and growth rates but also reduced the heavy metal contents in plant roots. However, the remediation effect on plant growth was not found to be significant. The adequate proportion of the remediation reagent quantity needs tobe further investigated.

关 键 词：锰污染土壤 植物筛选 土壤改良 重金属累积量 转运系数 

分 类 号：S719[农业科学—林学]