锰污染土壤渗漏液与径流生态拦截净化系统的植物筛选  

Screening of plant species for establishing an retention and purification ecosystem of soil infiltration water and surface runoff in manganese polluted area

作　　者：陈星[1] 文仕知[1] 陈永华[1] 郝君[1] 刘凯[1] 吴子剑[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2012年第12期97-103,共7页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家林业科技推广项目[2010-43];国家十二五科技支撑项目(2012BAC09B03-4);湖南省环境科学与工程重点学科与重点实验室基金

摘　　要：为建立锰污染土壤渗漏液和径流收集处理系统,在湘潭锰矿废弃地开展了植物筛选试验。5个月植物生长的试验结果表明,香菇草成活率低,花叶芦竹、菖蒲生长量下降,而再力花、苎麻、紫叶美人蕉、芦苇、香蒲、夹竹桃、梭鱼草、水葱和德国鸢尾长势良好,其地上部分锰的含量多高于1 000 mg/kg,锌、铜、镉的含量也相对较高,锰含量地上组织与根部的比值大于1,可作为锰污染土壤渗滤液收集处理系统的备选植物。菖蒲的锰、锌、铜、镉和花叶芦竹的锌、铜、镉含量地上组织与根部的比值小于1,说明其转移和利用重金属的能力弱,重金属元素在根部积累而导致植物中毒。苎麻单株地上部分锰的吸收量高达217.8 mg,其次是再力花,紫叶美人蕉、芦苇,吸收量最低的是梭鱼草和水葱。Screening of plant species were carried out for establishing an ecosystem for retention and purification of soil infiltration water and surface runoff in Xiangtan manganese polluted area. The results obtained from a five month plant growth period indicate thatmushroom grass had a very low survival rate while Arundo donax var. versicolor and Acorus calamus Linn had a negative value in its biomass increment. In comparison, the other nine plant species, Thalia dealbata, Boehmeria, Canna warscewiezii A. Dietr, Phragmites australis, Typha orientalis Presl, Pontederia cordata, Nerium oleander, Pontederia cordata, Soflstem bulrush and Iris germanica grew well in the manganese polluted sites. The manganese contents in shoots of the nine plant species were all more than 1000 mg/kg and theirzinc, copper and cadmium contents were also relatively high, with the ratio of the metal content in above-ground tissues to that in roots , being greater than 1. In contrast, the above-ground tissue to root ratio of zinc, copper, manganese and cadmium contents in A. calamusand that of zinc, copper, and ca .d!nium contents in A. donax var versicolor were lower than 1, suggesting that the metal accumulation in roots due to weak heavy metal transfer abilities of these species had led to poisoning effects on the pant growth. The highest manganeseuptake in above-ground tissues of Boehmeria reached 217.8 mg per plant. The next uptake value was given by T. dealbata, Boehmeria, followed in turn by C. warscewiezii, Dietr, P australis, P. cordata and S. bulrush.

关 键 词：锰矿污染区 生态拦截 净化系统 土壤渗漏液 地表径流 植物筛选 

分 类 号：S718.57[农业科学—林学]