烟草靶斑病原鉴定及生物学特性研究  

Identification and Biological Characteristics of Pathogen Causing Target Spot on Tobacco

作　　者：吴元华[1] 赵艳琴[1,2] 赵秀香[1] 李颖[3] 王左斌[1] 伏颖[1] 陈建光[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,沈阳110161 [2]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028000 [3]抚顺市农业技术推广中心,辽宁抚顺113006

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2012年第5期521-527,共7页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局科技攻关项目(国烟办综[2010]182号);辽宁省烟草专卖局科技攻关项目(辽烟计[2010]86号)

摘　　要：烟草靶斑病是辽宁省烟草产区内发现的一种国内新病害。经分离鉴定和形态观察的结果表明:引起烟草靶斑病病原物为瓜亡革菌[Thanatephorus cucumeris(Frank)Donk],无性世代为立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)。生物学特性研究结果表明:菌丝生长的适宜温度为20～30℃,最适温度为25℃;最适pH值为7;在所测试的碳、氮源中,对麦芽糖和硝酸钾利用最好;在玉米、烟草和茄子煎汁培养基上生长速率最快,湿度测试表明高湿对菌丝生长有利,黑暗条件有利菌丝生长。该菌适易形成菌核的碳源为麦芽糖和甜菜糖,适宜氮源为硫酸铵和亚硝酸钠,适宜pH值为5和7,最适菌核萌发的湿度RH 90%,连续黑暗有利菌核产生,玉米叶煎汁培养基最适产生菌核。寄主范围测定表明,该菌可侵染烟草、茄子、番茄、辣椒、黄瓜、冬瓜、苋色藜、白菜、葫芦叶片,不侵染玉米、水稻、小麦、高粱、大豆、南瓜和洋酸浆。The pathogen causing leaf spot on tobacco was isolated from diseased leaves.Based on morphological characteristics and pathogenicity test,the pathogen was identified as Thanatephorus cucumeris（Frank）Donk（anamorph Rhizoctonia solani Kühn）.The disease was given the name ＂target spot＂ because of the shot-halos type lesion and giving a ragged appearance to the leaf.Optimum temperature and pH value for mycelium growing were 25℃ and pH 7 respectively.Through carbon sources testing,maltose was found to support mycelium growing well.Among the nitrogen sources tested,potassium nitrate supported the fastest growth of mycelia.The leaf tissue extracts juices of maize,tobacco and eggplant added in PDA could support mycelium growing respectively.High relative humidity was beneficial for mycelium growing and also dark was beneficial for mycelium growing.The optimum conditions for sclerotia formation were： maltose and beet sugaras as carbonsource,pH 5 and pH 7,RH 90%,in continual dark.The pathogen could infect leaves including in tobacco,eggplant,tomato,pepper,cucumber,wax gourd,amaranth,Chinese cabbage,cucurbit;but they couldn’t infect corn,rice,wheat,sorghum,soybean,pumpkin and physalis.MoreBack AbstractFilter（＇EnChDivSummary＇,＇ChDivSummaryMore2＇,＇ChDivSummaryReset2＇）; 【Keywords in Chinese】 烟草靶斑病; 瓜亡隔菌; 生物学特性; 【Key words】 tobacco target spot; Thanatephorus cucumeris（Frank） donk; biological characteristics;

关 键 词：烟草靶斑病 瓜亡隔菌 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S432.1[农业科学—植物病理学] S435.675[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]