2012年5月22日贵州西部大暴雨成因分析  

Rainstorm causes on May 22,2012 in western Guizhou

作　　者：王兴菊[1,2] 吴哲红[1,2] 白慧[2,3] 陈贞宏 杨忠明[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省安顺市气象局,贵州安顺561000 [2]贵州省山地气候与资源重点实验室,贵州贵阳550002 [3]贵州省气候中心,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《贵州气象》2013年第1期1-6,共6页Journal of Guizhou Meteorology

基　　金：中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2012-053);国家自然基金项目(41065003)共同资助

摘　　要：该文利用地面观测资料、NCEP再分析资料(水平分辨率2.5°×2.5°),国家卫星气象中心发布的FY-2E的TBB等资料,对2012年5月22日贵州西部大暴雨过程的天气形势、水汽通量及水汽通量散度、温度平流、涡度平流、假相当位温、中尺度云团、湿位涡等进行了分析。结果表明:强降水主要是由于南支槽前的西南暖湿气流配合北方南下的冷空气,冷暖平流和正负涡度的交汇,MCC在贵州生成并发展维持的共同影响造成的。此次暴雨过程发生在对流层中低层MPV1负值区和MPV2的正值区以及θse的高能区内。湿位涡的正压项与斜压项综合反映了暴雨区对流不稳定和斜压不稳定状况。这一判据将大气中的对流不稳定和斜压不稳定很好地联系在一起,为暴雨天气的诊断和实际预报提供了一种思路。这次过程是由MCC在贵州的生成并发展维持造成的。云团具有很强的MCC特征,降雨强度的时间分布与MCC的强度范围有很好的对应关系。By using the observation data, NCEP reanalysis data （ horizontal resolution 2.5 °×2.5° TBB Data released by the National Satellite Meteorological Center, a heavy rain of Western Guizhou FY - 2E vinee oc- curred on May 22, 2012 were studied ,including water vapor flux and moisture flux divergence, temperature advec- tion, vorticity advection, pseudo - equivalent temperature, mesoscale cloud, moist potential vorticity analysis, etc. were also studed. The results showed that： the heavy rainfall occued mainly due to the warm air before the south branch coordinated the cold air from north, cold and warm advection , the intersection of the positive and negative vorticity, etc. MCC generated in Guizhou , then developed and keeped . The heavy rain oceured in the troposphere, the negative MPV1 and positive MPV2 area as well as the high - energy region of Pseudo - equivalent temperature, the harotropic wet potential vorticity and baroclinic wet potential vorticity comprehensively reflected the convective instability and baroclinic instability conditions of rainstorm district, This criterion nicely linked to convective insta- bility and baroclinic instability for diagnosis and forecast of heavy rain. The generation, development and maintain of MCC caused the heave rain. The clouds had strong characteristics of the MCC, corresponded with the period and the strength of the heave rainfall.

关 键 词：暴雨 湿位涡 诊断分析 TBB MCC 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]