公路岩质边坡绿化灌溉需水量研究  

Irrigation Water Requirement of Highway Rock Slope Greening

作　　者：张琼瑛[1] 李绍才[1,2] 龙凤[1] 孙海龙 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,四川成都610064 [2]四川沃尔宜环保科技有限公司,四川成都610064 [3]水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610064

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2013年第2期10-13,16,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"龙门山地震带震损坡体生态修复技术研究与示范"(2011BAK12B04);四川省科技支撑计划(2012SZ0043);四川省科技支撑计划(2010SZ0089)

摘　　要：为达到节约用水及护坡的目标,公路岩质边坡绿化灌溉需水量研究首先选择相对湿润度指数(M)的中旱等级作为灌溉临界值,计算在干旱胁迫条件下的植物需水量(ETc),进而考虑径流、渗漏、雾化等损失,采用土壤水量平衡方程Fg=ETc+Dp+RO+SDL-P-ΔSW计算边坡绿化灌溉需水量。其中植物需水量的计算使用参考作物蒸散量(ET0)、水分胁迫因子(Ks)和园林植物系数(KL)三者乘积的方法,结合边坡坡度、坡向和太阳入射角对P-M公式中的净辐射量(Rn)进行修正;以园林植物系数概念为基础,考虑边坡植物生物量的影响,修正为边坡植物系数(Kp)。通过这些因子的修正和灌溉损失的考虑,使公路岩质边坡的灌溉需水量趋于准确。In order to achieve the goal of saving water resources and protecting the slope, the forecast of irrigation water requirement for highway rock slope greening is studied in this paper. Firstly, the moderate drought level of relative moisture index（M）is selected as the irrigation critical value to calculate the plants water requirement （ETc） under the condition of drought stress. Then consider- ing the loss of runoff, seepage and atomization, the soil water balance equation, Fg = ETc ＋ Dp ＋RO＋ SDL--P--＆SW, is used to calculate the irrigation water requirement for slope greening. In the function, the calculation of ETc applies the method in which the reference crop evapotranspiration（ET0 ）, water stress coefficient （K,）and plant coefficient （Kc）are multiplied and the net radiation （R,） value is amended by combination with slope gradient, aspect and solar incidence angle. Considering the influence of slope plant biomass, the gardens plant coefficient, is amended into slope plant coefficient. Through these corrections, the forecast of irrigation water requirement for highway rock slope greening is more accurate.

关 键 词：边坡绿化 干旱胁迫 参考蒸散量 边坡植物系数 灌溉需水量 

分 类 号：S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]