降落伞充气过程中“瓶颈”效应  

A study on “bottleneck” phenomenon during parachute inflation

作　　者：程涵[1] 余莉[1] 夏刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学航空宇航学院,江苏南京210016 [2]国防科技大学航天科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410073

出　　处：《国防科技大学学报》2013年第1期48-52,共5页Journal of National University of Defense Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11172137);航空科学基金项目(20122910001)

摘　　要：以大型伞或特大型伞为研究对象,采用任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)流固耦合方法模拟某载人飞船主伞(环帆伞)在无限质量情况下的充气展开过程。计算获得了充气过程中,伞衣外形和流场之间的动态关系,数值模拟出非对称充气、伞顶甩打等不良充气现象,提出了充气过程存在"瓶颈"效应,通过大量的实物试验验证该效应的存在。通过结果分析发现"瓶颈"效应实质是由于伞衣面积大,伞衣结构复杂或开伞速度过大导致气团进入伞体受阻造成的,但其产生的具体必要条件尚有待进一步研究。结论对了解降落伞工作机理,防止开伞失效有重要意义。The inflation process of large-scale or extra large-scale parachute was investigated. The Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian （ ALE ） Method-a Fluid-Structure Interaction （FSI） model, was used to simulate the inflation process of a main parachute （ a ringsail parachute, which was used in manned spacecraft） in an infinite mass situation. The dynamic relationship between canopy shape and flow field was obtained, and the adverse inflation phenomena such as asymmetric inflation and whip were observed in simulation results. The ＂bottleneck＂ phenomenon in inflation process was found and verified by physical tests. Based on the analysis of calculation results, it is found that the large canopy area, the complicated canopy structure or high inflation speed can block the air mass into the parachute, which can cause the ＂bottleneck＂ phenomenon. But the necessary occurrence conditions of the phenomenon need to be studied in future. The present work is significant for explaining parachute working mechanism and preventing its failure.

关 键 词：降落伞 充气过程 ALE方法 流固耦合 

分 类 号：V244.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]