高产春玉米源库特征及其关系  

Relationship Between the Source and Sink of Spring Maize with High Yield

作　　者：王永宏[1] 王克如[2,3] 赵如浪[1] 王楷[2,3] 赵健[1] 王喜梅[2,3] 李健[2,3] 梁明晰[2,3] 李少昆[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所,宁夏永宁750105 [2]中国农业科学院作物研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [3]石河子大学农学院/绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2013年第2期257-269,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B14);国家自然科学基金项目(31260306;31071371;31271663)

摘　　要：【目的】明确高产春玉米(15 000 kg.hm-2)的源库特征及其数量关系,揭示玉米不同密度对源、库及其产量的调控规律。【方法】在新疆、宁夏具有相似气候特征的玉米高产区共设置4个试验点(新疆农四师71团、新疆农六师奇台农场、宁夏大学试验农场、宁夏同心县),按照统一的栽培管理措施,以广适、耐密、高产品种郑单958为试材,设12个密度处理(从1.5万—18万株/hm2)以创造不同源库类型和产量水平,研究高产(15 000 kg.hm-2及以上)玉米的物质生产特征、最大叶面积指数(LAI)、光合势、单株粒重、单穗粒数、收获指数和粒叶比等源库特征及其相互关系。【结果】高产玉米干物质积累量与籽粒产量呈二次函数关系,15 000 kg.hm-2以上玉米干物质积累量为24 937—54 895 kg.hm-2,19 270 kg.hm-2(最高单产)玉米干物质积累量为37 417 kg.hm-2,其中吐丝前占44.31%,吐丝后占55.69%;高产玉米产量与最大LAI、光合势均呈二次函数关系,15 000 kg.hm-2以上玉米最大LAI为3.9—11.4,光合势为113 401—502 703 m2.d,最高单产玉米最大LAI为6.68,光合势为348 142 m2.d;产量与单株穗重呈极显著负相关(r=0.7188**),15 000 kg.hm-2以上的玉米,单株穗重为95.5—289.6 g,穗粒数为366.6—545.9粒,千粒重为232.6—388.6 g,最高产量玉米单株穗重平均为169 g,穗粒数为469粒,千粒重为361.0 g;产量与穗粒数、千粒重均呈二次函数关系;高产玉米产量与收获指数呈二次函数关系,15 000 kg.hm-2以上玉米收获指数为31.5%—61.9%,最高单产玉米收获指数为51.5%,产量与粒数/叶面积和粒数/叶干重相关不显著(r粒数/叶面积=0.1520,r粒数/叶干重=0.2577),而与粒重/叶干重极显著相关(r=0.5847**),两者呈二次曲线关系,15 000kg.hm-2以上高产玉米,粒重/叶重为1.1—7.13,粒重/叶面积为149.4—506.5 g.m-2,最高产量时的粒叶比为5.39和366.4g.m-2。【结论】不同产量水平玉米物质积累量、光合�[Objective] Clearifing the relationship between the source and sink characteristics and the quantitative traits ofspring maize with high yield （15 000 kg-hm^2） and to reveal the regulation of the source, sink and yield at different densities. [Method] Four experimental sites in maize regions with high yield of Xinjiang and Ningxia of China with similar climatic characteristics were set up （The 71st groups of the Fourth Agricultural Divisions of Xinjiang, the Qitai Farm of the Sixth Agricultural Division of Xinjiang, the experimental farm of Ningxia University, the Tongxin County of Ningxia）. The resistant, density tolerance, high-yielding variety Zhengdan-958 was planted in accordance with the uniform cultivation and management practices. The treatments include 12 densities （15 000 to 180 000 plant/hm2） in order to create different types of source and sink, different yield levels （〉 15 000 kg＇hrn2）, the characteristics of the material production of maize, the maximum leaf area index （LAI）, photosynthetic potential, grain weight per plant, single-grain number, harvest index, the ratio of grain to leaf, sink features, and their interrelationship.[ Result ]The high-yield maize dry matter accumulation and grain yield showed a quadratic function, 15 000 kg.hm＂2 maize dry matter accumulation was 24 937-54 895 kg.hm^-2, 19 270 kg.hm^-2 （the highest yield） of dry matter accumulation of 37 417 kg.hm^2, pre-anthesis and post-anthesis accounted for 44.31% and 55.69%, respectively. The high yield maize production and maximum LAI, LAD showed a quadratic function relationships. The maximum LAI of the above 15 000 kg.hm^2 was 3.9-11.4, photosynthetic potential was 113 401-502 703 m^2.d, LAI and LAD of the highest yield of maize were 6.88 and 348 142 m2-d. The yield and ear weight per plant had a negatively significant correlation （r =0.7188＊＊）, ear weight per plant of maize with the yield above 15 000 kg.hm2 was 95.5-289.6 g, the highest yield of ear weight per plant was 169 g, yield and k

关 键 词：高产 春玉米 物质生产 源库关系 密度 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]