四川不同稻作生态区安全播种期变化及其空间分布  

Temporal and Spatial Variation of Safe Sowing Date in Different Rice Cultivation Zones in Sichuan

作　　者：孙园园[1,2] 孙永健[2,3] 秦俭[2,3] 杨志远[2,3] 陈林 徐徽[2,3] 马均[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局成都高原气象研究所,成都610072 [2]四川农业大学水稻研究所,成都611130 [3]农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,成都611130 [4]成都市温江区气象局,成都611130

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2013年第1期58-63,共6页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：中国气象局西南区域气象中心区域重大项目(2010-7);国家自然科学基金项目(31101117);国家粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B05;2012BAD04B13);四川省教育厅资助科研项目(10ZA047);四川省育种攻关专项(2006yzgg-28)

摘　　要：以四川省6个稻作生态区为研究对象,通过对1960-2011年各稻区131个气象站监测的逐日日平均气温资料进行分析,研究各稻作区不同安全保证率下最早安全播期的变化情况及其空间分布格局,并探讨各稻作区的安全播期在不同年份间的变化趋势及其与四川气温演变的关系。结果表明,盆南丘陵稻区和川西南山地稻区安全播期最早,平均在3月17-19日,盆东丘陵稻区和盆中浅丘稻区次之,平均在3月26-28日,盆周边缘稻区和盆西平原稻区最迟,平均在3月30-31日。各稻作区的最早播期随着安全保证率的下降,均有不同程度的提前,安全保证率由100%降至90%,播期提前幅度最大,为11～14d。海拔和纬度的差异是导致川西南山地稻区和盆周边缘稻区安全播期变幅较大的主要原因,实际生产中应根据各稻作区安全播期的空间分布格局,合理、及时地指导当地水稻播种及生产。此外,安全播期的变化与气温的演变密切相关,1960-2011年四川各稻作区安全播期整体呈先延迟后显著提前的趋势,尤其在1981-1990年安全播期有所延迟,而在2001-2011年均显著提前。The temporal and spatial variation of safe rice sowing date was investigated, based on daily average temperature data from 131 meteorological stations in six rice cultivation zones of Sichuan province from 1960 to 2011. The results showed that safe rice sowing date in south basin hilly cropping rice zone and southwest mountain cropping rice zone was from 17 to 19 March, and from 26 to 28 March in east basin hilly cropping rice zone and central basin hilly cropping rice zone, from 30 to 31 March in Peripheral basin hilly cropping rice zone and west basin plain cropping rice zone. The earliest rice planting date in six rice cultivation zones advanced under different safety reliability declining. The safety reliability decreased from 100% to 90% and advanced lld to 14d. The main reason of different safe sowing date between southwest mountain cropping rice zone and peripheral basin hilly cropping rice zone was difference of latitudes and altitudes. So it suggested that rice production should be considered the spatial distribution of safe sowing date in different rice cultivation zones. In addition, safe sowing date was closed to temperature change, for example, the safe sowing date in six rice cultivation zones of Sichuan province delayed at early stage and advanced significantly from 1960 to 2011.

关 键 词：四川 稻作区 安全播期 GIS 时空变化 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]