日本基尼系数与再分配制度研究  

Study on Japan's Gini Coefficient and Redistribution System

作　　者：孙章伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学珠海分校管理学院,广东珠海519087

出　　处：《现代日本经济》2013年第2期22-34,共13页Contemporary Economy OF Japan

基　　金：2012年度教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目"消费金融视域下的消费抑制破解与金融消费者利益保护制度研究"(12YJA790119)

摘　　要：目前国内尚无文献专门分析日本基尼系数。国际上研究日本基尼系数的代表性机构是联合国开发计划署(UNDP)与经合组织(OECD),但其数据差距较大。按OECD数据,包括日本在内的OECD国家初次分配基尼系数均值超过了0.4的警戒线,而日本更是超过了OECD国家均值。日本再分配基尼系数虽然低于0.4,但再分配政策效能在OECD国家中并不领先。可见,日本国民收入和财富分配"公平神话"并不完全属实。尽管如此,日本政府坚持公布基尼系数,努力完善国民收入再分配制度以改进基尼系数的透明政策仍值得学习。当然,这些政策安排直接导致了财政的沉重负担,为此,日本尝试对"双轨制"养老金制度实行合并一体化改革等措施。Currently,there have few literatures specialized in analyzing Japan＇s Gini coefficient in domestic. UNDP and OECD are the international representative institutions that study Japan＇s Gini coefficient, however,the data offered by the two institutions are quite different. According to the data of OECD, the average of first distribution Gini coefficient of OECD countries, including Japan, exceeds security line of 0.4, and Japan evenexceeds the average. Although Japan＇s Gini coefficient of redistribution is less than 0.4, the efficiency of redistribution policy is not in the lead among the countries of OECD. Japan~ literatures also argue that the stateof Japan＇s national income is not what the ＂fairy myth＂ of wealth distribution claims to be. Even so, the transparent policies that Japan＇s government insisting on publishing Gini coefficient and making efforts to perfect national income redistribution system to improve Gini coefficient still deserve to be learned. Of course, these policies translate directly into heavy finance burden, but the measures which Japan＇s government takes to makeintegration reform in dual -track pensions system also deserve considering for China.

关 键 词：基尼系数 贫困率 年金 收入再分配 社会保障 消费 

分 类 号：F133.134.7[经济管理—世界经济]