不同施肥模式对草莓连作土壤性质及草莓生长的影响  

Effect of fertilization modes on soil properties and growth of strawberry under continuous mono-cropping

作　　者：陈义群[1,2,3] 董元华[1,3] 王辉[1,3] 霍恒志[4] 

机构地区：[1]土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室、中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]河海大学环境学院,江苏南京210098 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [4]江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所,江苏句容212400

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2013年第1期81-86,共6页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-JC405、KSCX2-EW-B-6);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903011);河海大学自然科学基金项目(2008429811);中央高校基本科研业务费(2010B05314)

摘　　要：采用田间小区试验研究了不同施肥模式对土壤性质、草莓农艺性状、产量及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明:与习惯施肥相比,优化施肥模式Ⅰ和Ⅱ均可增强草莓连作土壤脲酶活性,提高土壤水解性氮、速效钾含量;显著增加草莓植株地下部分干重、花序长、单株花蕾数、单株花枝数;优化施肥模式Ⅰ还可显著降低土壤容重,增加草莓果实含糖量。与习惯施肥相比,优化施肥模式Ⅰ和Ⅱ的草莓产量分别增产58.51%和39.17%;氮、磷、钾肥农学效率分别增加14.0～14.6倍和8.6～9.5倍;偏生产力分别增加47.5%～50.6%和17.3%～28.7%;相对产量分别下降36.4%和28.0%。优化施肥模式可以有效提高连作草莓产量和肥料利用效率,模式Ⅰ比模式Ⅱ作用更显著。The effects of fertilization modes on soil properties, agronomic characteristics, yield, and fertilizer use efficiency of strawberry under continuous mono-cropping condition were studied in a field plot experiment. Compared with the conventional fertilization mode, the optimized fertilization modes Ⅰ and Ⅱ increased the activity of urease, available nitrogen and potassium contents in soil significantly, and enhanced the dry weight of underground part, length of flower stalk, number of floral bud per plant, and number of flower shoot per plant. The optimized fertilization mode Ⅰ reduced the soil bulk density and increased dissoluble sugar content in fruit. By using the optimized fertilization modesⅠ and Ⅱ, the yields of strawberry were increased by 58% and 39% , respectively, agronomic efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizer were increased by 14.0-14.6 times and 8.6-9.5 times, PFPs （ partial factor productivities） of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizer were increased by 47.5% -50.6% and 17.3% - 28.7%, whereas relative yield were decreased by 36.4% and 28.0%, respectivly. It was demonstrated that optimized fertilization modes could improve the yield and fertilizer use efficiency of strawberry efficiently under continuous mono-cropping, with mode Ⅰ better than mode Ⅱ.

关 键 词：施肥模式 草莓连作 土壤性质 产量 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S668.406.2[农业科学—果树学]