公平分配与居民福利——收入差距对中国居民恩格尔系数的影响分析  

Equitable Distribution and Residents' Welfare: Study on Impact of Income Gap on China's Engel Coefficient

作　　者：王宋涛[1] 谢兰兰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学经济与管理学院,广东广州510006 [2]广州航海高等专科学校商贸学院,广东广州510725

出　　处：《统计与信息论坛》2013年第3期56-62,共7页Journal of Statistics and Information

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目<"分享型社会"视阈下的经济增长与国民福利增长关系研究:理论与实证>(11YJA790163);国家社会科学基金青年项目<公共文化服务体系财政保障机制研究>(11CGL099)

摘　　要：居民收入水平不同,恩格尔系数也不同,因此收入分配对社会总体恩格尔系数的影响是不确定的。基于马斯洛层次需求理论证明边际食品消费倾向递减,并且当消费函数为线性或近似线性时,收入差距扩大会降低恩格尔系数。基于省际面板数据的实证分析表明,中国居民边际食品消费倾向递减且消费函数为(近似)线性,居民收入差距扩大降低了居民恩格尔系数(基尼系数升高对恩格尔系数下降的贡献率为22%),从而出现"分配越不平等,居民总体生活水平越高"的矛盾现象。因此在使用总体指标评价居民生活水平时,收入分配指标必须得到同等的重视;在经济发展中,公平和效率必须兼顾才能实现居民福利最大化。This paper based on the assumption of the utility function, prove that when the M_PC of food decreasing and the consumption function is linear or nearly linear, the widening income gap will reduce the Engel coefficient. Chinese residents inter-provincial panel data-based empirical analysis also shows that Chinese residents＇ MPC of food decreasing and the consumption function is （approximate） linear. Then residents＇ income gap had widened to reduce our residents＇ Engel coefficient and to improve residents＇ overall standard of living; and thus give rise to the paradox of ＂distribution more unequal, and residents of the higher overall standard of living. ＂ Therefore, when we use the overall indicators to evaluate the standard of living, the income distribution indicators must be given equal attention; in economic development, equity and efficiency must take into account in order to truly maximize the residents＇ welfare.

关 键 词：收入分配 居民福利 边际食品消费倾向 消费函数 恩格尔系数 

分 类 号：C813[社会学—统计学]