长江中下游地区氮肥减施对稻麦轮作体系作物氮吸收、利用与氮素平衡的影响  

Effects of Reducing N Application on Crop N Uptake,Utilization and Soil N Balance under Rice-wheat Rotation System on Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Region

作　　者：杨利[1] 张建峰[2] 张富林[1] 范先鹏[1] 杨俊诚[2] 杨永成 熊桂云[1] 吴运明 余延丰[1] 符家安 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,湖北武汉430064 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]湖北省荆门市农业局,湖北荆门448000 [4]湖北省宜城市农业局,湖北宜城441400 [5]湖北省潜江市农业局,湖北潜江433100

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2013年第1期195-202,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展(973)计划项目(2007CB109308);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划(2008BADA4B08;2006BAD02A14;2006BAD02A02;2006BAD25B07);国际植物研究所(IPNI)中国项目部项目(IPNI-Hubei-38);国家水稻产业技术体系项目(CARS-01-63);湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2007-620-001-03)

摘　　要：本试验采用连续两个轮作周期的稻麦轮作定位试验,研究了氮肥减施对作物氮素吸收、利用和土壤氮素平衡的影响。结果表明,在传统推荐施肥(小麦N 195 kg/hm2,水稻210 kg/hm2,均按底肥40%、分蘖肥30%、拔节肥30%分3次施用)的基础上,氮量减施20%,并配合综合调控技术措施,产量并没有降低,而且氮肥表观利用率、农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和贡献率均得到提高。氮素在作物体内累积随着施量的提高而提高,土壤无机氮残留量和氮素表观损失也有相同的规律。生产相同数量的籽粒产量的需氮量小麦高于水稻,而氮素表观损失,则水稻高于小麦。In this trial, the effects of the reduction of nitrogen fertilizer application on the nitrogen absorption and utilization of crops and soil N balance were studied with the continuous two cycles of rice-wheat rotation. The results showed that based on traditional fertilizer recom- mendation （ N 195 kg/hm^2 in wheat, 210 kg/hm^2 in rice, according to the effects of base fertilizer,tiller fertilizer and jointing fertilizer of 40 %, 30 %, 30 % three times applying）, and nitrogen amount were reduced by20 %, combined with integrated control measures, the yie｜d was not reduced, but apparent recovery rate, agronomic efficiency, nitrogen partial factor productivity and contribution rate were enhanced. The nitrogen accumulatiou in crops increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application volume, also the same as the residue of soil inorganic nitrogen and nitregen apparent losses. The nitrogen requirement amount of. wheat was higher than that of rice for producing the same quantity of grain yleld, but in the apparent loss of nitrogen, the rice was higher than wheat.

关 键 词：氮肥减施 稻麦轮作 氮素利用率 氮素平衡 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]