核电厂主控室数字化对人执行状态评估任务影响  

Effects of Digitalized Main Control Room on Operators' Implementing Situation Assessment Tasks in Nuclear Power Plant

作　　者：周勇[1,2] 张力[1,3] 牟海鹰[2] 李鹏程[1] 

机构地区：[1]南华大学人因研究所,湖南衡阳421001 [2]中国民用航空飞行学院飞行技术学院,四川广汉618307 [3]湖南工学院,湖南衡阳421002

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2013年第1期41-47,共7页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(70873040;71071051);岭东核电有限公司科研项目资助(KR70543);湖南省教育厅项目资助(10C1139)

摘　　要：核电厂主控室进行数字化变革后,操纵员执行状态评估任务的方式发生了巨大变化。为了有效地识别及评估数字化对状态评估的潜在影响,以知觉/循环、资源限制等认知理论为基础,以贝叶斯概率网络为工具,建立状态评估可靠度的影响因素模型。定性分析这些因素对状态评估任务的影响机制,并定量比较它们的影响程度。分析结果表明,界面管理任务和任务负荷变迁,对状态评估的影响最为显著。需采取针对性的措施,优先处理这些人因问题,以最大限度地提高数字化核电厂的安全水平。It was held that after the introduction of digitalized technology for main control room in nuclear power plant, the way operators perform situation assessment tasks was dramatically changed, and that the potential human factor issues arising from digitalization needed to be identified, and their effects on opera- tors＇situation assessment must be evaluated. Based on Adamg perception/action cycle theory and Norman resource-limited theory, and taking Bayesian network as an inference method, a structured causal model for analyzing the effects of digitalization on situation assessment was built. It not only revealed the mecha- nisms the human factor issues affected situation assessment, but also prioritized their influences quantita- tively. The results indicate that interface management tasks and task load transition influence the reliability of situation assessment significantly. In order to improve the margin of safety for digitalized nuclear power plant, corresponding measures were proposed.

关 键 词：数字化主控室 状态评估 人的可靠性分析 情景意识 人为差错 

分 类 号：X945[环境科学与工程—安全科学]